scholarly journals Relation between executive functions and polymorphisms in COMT, MAO-A, HTTLPR, SLC1A1 and HT2A in a sample of children with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Enrique Avila Campos ◽  
María Cristina Pinto Dussan ◽  
Ángela María Polanco Barreto ◽  
Esneyder Manuel Guerrero ◽  
Rafael Antonio Vásquez Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Mao A ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sorting Test

AbstractBackgroundObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has a complex etiology related to multiple neuropsychological factors. OCD is associated with several candidate genes but results are discordant. The objective was to explore the association between five polymorphisms related to neurotransmitters, the risk of an OCD diagnosis and the performance in four executive functions tests done with Colombian patients diagnosed with this condition.Methods63 patients and 65 controls matched by gender and age were genetically analyzed. For the study of the relation between cognitive function and phenotypes, a subsample of 33 patients and 31 controls was used. The Stroop test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Tower of London and Trail Making Test (TMT) for executive function assessment were applied and the SNPs analyzed were: COMT (rs4680), MAO-A (rs6323), HTTLPR (rs25531), HT2A (rs6315) and SLC1A1 (rs301434).ResultsDifferences in the conceptualization of the WCST test (p = 0.023) and Stroop interference score (p = 0.041) between cases and controls were obtained. After analyzing the relationship between genotypes and sub-scores of the tests, associations between the presence of MAO-A, SLAC1A1, HTTLPR and HT2A alleles and tests sub-scores were found.DiscussionThis characterization of children with OCD is a new field of work in Colombia and one of the first works performed in Latin America. The sample size and the number of polymorphisms analyzed in this population should be increased.

scholarly journals Assessment of executive functions in obese individuals with binge eating disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duchesne Monica ◽  
Mattos Paulo ◽  
José Carlos Appolinário ◽  
Silvia Regina de Freitas ◽  
Gabriel Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Program Test ◽  
Sorting Test

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess executive functions of obese individuals with binge eating disorder. METHOD: Thirty-eight obese individuals with binge eating disorder were compared to thirty-eight obese controls without binge eating disorder in terms of their executive functions. All individuals were assessed using the following instruments: Digit Span, Trail Making Tests A and B, Stroop Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In addition, four subtests from the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome Battery were also used, namely the Zoo Map Test, the Modified Six Elements Test, the Action Program Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test. RESULTS: When compared to obese controls, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented significant impairment in the following tests: Digit Span backward, Zoo Map Test, Modified Six Elements Test, and Action Program Test. Subjects with binge eating disorder also showed significant more set shifting and perseverative errors in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In other measures such as the Digit Span Forward, the Trail Making Test, the Stroop Test and the Rule Shift Cards Test, obese subjects with binge eating disorder did not differ significantly from obese subjects without binge eating disorder. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, in the present sample, obese individuals with binge eating disorder presented executive deficits, especially impairments relating to problem-solving, cognitive flexibility and working memory.

Neuropsychological Outcome from Psychosurgery for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Cumming ◽  
Phillipa Hay ◽  
Teresa Lee ◽  
Perminder Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Response Sets

Seventeen obsessive-compulsive disorder patients treated with psychosurgery were administered a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Their performance on neuropsychological testing was compared with that of an age and severity matched sample of 17 OCD sufferers who had not received psychosurgery. The psychosurgery and control groups did not differ in intellectual or memory functioning, consistent with earlier findings that psychosurgery does not reduce global ability estimates. The psychosurgery group performed more poorly than the control group on an adaptation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, demonstrating the possible impact of frontal lobe lesions on the abilities underpinning the formation and shifting of response sets.

Do pathological gambling and obsessive-compulsive disorder overlap? a neurocognitive perspective

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Won Hur ◽  
Na young Shin ◽  
Sung Nyun Kim ◽  
Joon Hwan Jang ◽  
Jung-Seok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visual Spatial

ObjectivePathological gambling (PG) is a severe and persistent pattern of problem gambling that has been aligned with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, no study has compared the neurocognitive profiles of individuals with PG and OCD.MethodsWe compared neurocognitive functioning, including executive function, verbal learning and memory, and visual–spatial organization and memory among 16 pathological gamblers, 31 drug-naïve OCD subjects, and 52 healthy controls.ResultsThe only neurocognitive marker common to both groups was increased fragmentation errors on the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). The PG subjects showed increased nonperseverative error on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and organization difficulties in the ROCF, whereas the OCD subjects revealed longer response times on the Stroop test and retention difficulties on the immediate recall scale of the ROCF.ConclusionsA more careful approach is required in considering whether PG is a part of the OCD spectrum, as little evidence of neurocognitive overlap between PG and OCD has been reported.

scholarly journals A study of cognitive function in treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with capsulotomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feilong Gong ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Shizhen Zhang ◽  
Xinjie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Treatment Refractory

OBJECTIVEAnterior capsulotomy (AC) is sometimes used as a last resort for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous studies assessing neuropsychological outcomes in patients with OCD have identified several forms of cognitive dysfunction that are associated with the disease, but few have focused on changes in cognitive function in OCD patients who have undergone surgery. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of AC on the cognitive function of patients with treatment-refractory OCD.METHODSThe authors selected 14 patients with treatment-refractory OCD who had undergone bilateral AC between 2007 and 2013, 14 nonsurgically treated OCD patients, and 14 healthy control subjects for this study. The 3 groups were matched for sex, age, and education. Several neuropsychological tests, including Similarities and Block Design, which are subsets of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; Immediate and Delayed Logical Memory and Immediate and Delayed Visual Reproduction, which are subsets of the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised; and Corrects, Categories, Perseverative Errors, Nonperseverative Errors, and Errors, subtests of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, were conducted in all 42 subjects at baseline and after AC, after nonsurgical treatment, or at 6-month intervals, as appropriate. The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used to measure OCD symptoms in all 28 OCD patients.RESULTSThe Y-BOCS scores decreased significantly in both OCD groups during the 12-month follow-up period. Surgical patients showed higher levels of improvement in verbal memory, visual memory, visuospatial skills, and executive function than the nonsurgically treated OCD patients.CONCLUSIONSThe findings of this study suggest that AC not only reduces OCD symptoms but also attenuates moderate cognitive deficits.

scholarly journals Memantine Augmentation of Sertraline in Severity of Symptoms and Cognitive Function Among Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Askari ◽  
Saba Mokhtari ◽  
Seyed Vahid Shariat ◽  
Behnam Shariati ◽  
Masoomeh Yarahmadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Medications currently recommended for the treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) usually decrease the severity of the symptoms by 20–30%, and 40–60% of OCD patients do not achieve satisfactory treatment. In this study, the main objective was to investigate the effectiveness of memantine, which is a non-competitive N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, as an adjunct therapy to sertraline, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), to improve severity of symptoms and cognitive function among patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: 70 patients who based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5) criteria were diagnosed with OCD, and had a Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) score of more than 21, were recruited in a placebo controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group, clinical trial of 12 weeks to receive either memantine (10 mg twice daily) and sertraline (100 mg daily initially followed by 200 mg daily after week 4) or placebo and sertraline. The primary outcome was OCD symptoms measured by the Y-BOCS, moreover, the executive function and the cognition of participants was measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).Results: Y-BOCS score in total, obsession and compulsion subscales significantly dropped in both groups; however, there was not a significant difference between them. In comparison of cognition, memantine group showed a greater response in number of categories subscale in the WCST (p value<0.001). No major adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a probable effect of memantine as adjuvant therapy to sertraline on cognitive function of patients with OCD as well as its safety and tolerability in comparison with placebo. Nevertheless, the current results don`t support the efficacy of memantine as an adjunctive agent to sertraline for improving severity of symptoms among patients with OCD.Trial registration: The trial was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials on 2019-10-04 (www.irct.ir; IRCT ID: IRCT20170123032145N4).

scholarly journals Executive functions and insight in OCD: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Manarte ◽  
António R. Andrade ◽  
Linete do Rosário ◽  
Daniel Sampaio ◽  
Maria Luísa Figueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Good Insight ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

Abstract Background Around 25 to 30% of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not respond to treatment. These patients have the longest duration of disease and the worst prognosis. Following years of research on this topic, insight has emerged as a potential explanation for this therapeutic resistance. Therefore, it has become important to characterize OCD patients with poor insight. Few studies have focused on the neuropsychological and cognitive characteristics of these patients. Methods To help fill this gap, we divided 57 patients into two groups, one with good insight and the other with poor insight, assessed their neuropsychological functions—through a Rey’s figure test, a California verbal learning test, a Toulouse–Piéron test and a Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)—and compared the results with those of a paired control group. Results The statistical analysis, with a significance level of 95%, revealed differences in the executive function tests, and particularly in the WCST (p ≤ 0.001) and trail-making-test (TMT A/B) (p = 0.002). Conclusions These differences suggest that the neuropsychological profile of poor-insight patients is different from their good-insight counterparts, emphasize the role played by the executive functions in insight and highlights the need for more accurate neurocognitive research and treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between executive functions and impulsive behavior in adolescents: Comparative study

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Lizbeth Quintero Reynaga ◽  
Gilberto Galindo Aldana ◽  
Julieta Bonilla ◽  
Brenda Viridiana Rabago Barajas
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Behavioral Flexibility ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Impulsive Behavior ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neuropsychological Dysfunction ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Sorting Test

Introduction: Impulsivity can be directly related to maladaptive and disruptive behaviors; specifically, during adolescence, impulsivity is associated with behavioral and social problems, and it has been found that some behavioral difficulties are related to neuropsychological dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for regulating impulse control and executive functions. Objective. To compare the relationships among executive functions, particularly inhibitory control, behavioral planning and behavioral flexibility, in adolescents between 13 and 15 years old with and without impulsivity. Method. This study was developed using an analytical, comparative design. The sample consisted of 62 participants whose impulsivity was measured using the BIS-11-A Impulsiveness Scale and whose data were compared with normative data from the same sample size. Executive functions were evaluated using the Tower of London test, Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (M-WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop test. Results. Young people between 13 and 15 years old who exhibited impulsive behavior showed impairment in the executive functions studied, such as inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and behavioral planning. Discussion and conclusion. There is a direct correlation between impulsive behaviors and executive functions during adolescence. The results found here support the development of potential intervention protocols based on executive functioning.

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