scholarly journals H7N6 Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreak in commercial turkey farms in Chile caused by a native South American Lineage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Mathieu ◽  
A. Gonzalez ◽  
A. Garcia ◽  
M. Johow ◽  
C. Badia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
South American ◽  
Influenza Outbreak ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Regional Dynamics ◽  
Poultry Flock ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Outbreaks

SUMMARYIn December of 2016, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) caused by an H7N6 subtype was confirmed in a grow-out turkey farm located in Valparaiso Region, Chile. Depopulation of exposed animals, zoning, animal movement control and active surveillance were implemented to contain the outbreak. Two weeks later, a second turkey grow-out farm located 70 km north of the first site was also infected by H7N6 LPAI, which subsequently spilled over to one backyard poultry flock. The virus involved in the outbreak shared a close genetic relationship with viruses collected from Chilean aquatic birds’ viruses. The A/turkey/Chile/2017(H7N6) LPAI virus belonged to a native South American lineage. Based on the H7 and most of the internal genes phylogenies, these viruses were also closely related to the viruses that caused a highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreak in Chile in 2002. Results from this study help understand the regional dynamics of influenza outbreaks, highlighting the importance of local native viruses circulating in the natural reservoir hosts.

Differential innate responses of chickens and ducks to low-pathogenic avian influenza

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. W. J. Cornelissen ◽  
J. Post ◽  
B. Peeters ◽  
L. Vervelde ◽  
J. M. J. Rebel
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Interspecies transmission and limited persistence of low pathogenic avian influenza genomes among Alaska dabbling ducks

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2004-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Reeves ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Andrew M. Ramey ◽  
Brandt W. Meixell ◽  
Jonathan A. Runstadler
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Dabbling Ducks ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

scholarly journals Detection of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Wild Ducks from Canada: Comparison of Two Sampling Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 466-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jane Parmley ◽  
Catherine Soos ◽  
André Breault ◽  
Madeleine Fortin ◽  
Emily Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Opposite outcomes of the within-host competition between highly and low pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza viruses in chickens compared to ducks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Bessière ◽  
Thomas Figueroa ◽  
Amelia Coggon ◽  
Charlotte Foret-Lucas ◽  
Alexandre Houffschmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pathogenic Avian Influenza ◽  
Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) emerge from low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) through the introduction of basic amino acids at the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site. Following viral evolution, the newly formed HPAIV likely represents a minority variant within the index host, predominantly infected with the LPAIV precursor. Using reverse-genetics engineered H5N8 viruses differing solely at the HA cleavage, we tested the hypothesis that the interaction between the minority HPAIV and the majority LPAIV could modulate the risk of HPAIV emergence and that the nature of the interaction could depend on the host species. In chickens, we observed that the H5N8 LP increased H5N8 HP replication and pathogenesis. By contrast, the H5N8 LP antagonized H5N8 HP replication and pathogenesis in ducks. Ducks mounted a more potent antiviral innate immune response than chickens against the H5N8 LP , which correlated with H5N8 HP inhibition. These data provide experimental evidence that HPAIV may be more likely to emerge in chickens than in ducks and underscore the importance of within-host viral variants interactions in viral evolution. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses represent a threat to poultry production systems and to human health because of their impact on food security and because of their zoonotic potential. It is therefore crucial to better understand how these viruses emerge. Using a within-host competition model between highly and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses, we provide evidence that highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses could be more likely to emerge in chickens than in ducks. These results have important implications for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus emergence prevention and they underscore the importance of within-host viral variants interactions in virus evolution.

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