Impacts of diets fed after weaning on gut microbiota and susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis in mice

AbstractBackgroundLiving in a sanitary environment and taking Western-style diet in early life are both risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease and important factors for shaping host gut microbiota. Here, we aimed to establish whether different dietary composition fed during the early period after weaning would associate the susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis with different gut microbiota shifts.MethodsEighty weaned Balb/c mice were fed with high sugar, fat, protein, fiber, and standard diet for 8weeks respectively. Inflammation was induced by administration of 2.5% (wt/vol) dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days, and the microbiota characterized by 16s rRNA based pyrosequencing. Analyzed the inflammatory factors and toll-like receptors by Real-time PCRResultsThe high protein and high fiber+protein group exacerbated severity of DSS-induced colitis, the high fiber and high protein+fiber groups had the effect of reducing colitis, and the high sugar, fat and standard group show the similar disease phenotype of colitis. The diversity and richness of the microflora were significantly decreased in the high fiber group, while only decreased richness of flora was observed in the high protein group. The abundance of Firmicutes was decreased and the abundance of Bacteroides was increased in the high fat, high sugar, high protein and high fiber groups, especially in the high protein and high fiber group. The microbial community structure was slightly different at the species/genus level. The microbial community structure of high protein-fiber group and high fiber-protein group was still similar.ConclusionsMice were fed with different dietary compositions of high sugar, fat, protein and fiber diets since weaning, and similar gut microbiota of high-abundance Bacteroides and low-abundance Firmicutes are formed in adult mice. These microbiota do not cause colonic mucosal damage directly. Only high protein diet aggravated DSS-induced colitis, while high fiber diet alleviated the colitis.

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Exploring microbial community structure and metabolic gene clusters during silage fermentation of paper mulberry, a high-protein woody plant

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114766 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 114766

Author(s):

Z. Du ◽

L. Sun ◽

C. Chen ◽

J. Lin ◽

F. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Woody Plant ◽

Gene Clusters ◽

High Protein ◽

Metabolic Gene ◽

Silage Fermentation

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Honeybee microbiome is stabilized in the presence of propolis

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2020.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 20200003 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Perot Saelao ◽

Renata S. Borba ◽

Vincent Ricigliano ◽

Marla Spivak ◽

Michael Simone-Finstrom

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Significant Role ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Taxonomic Diversity ◽

Honeybee Colony ◽

Gut Symbionts ◽

Microbial Symbionts

Honeybees have developed many unique mechanisms to help ensure the proper maintenance of homeostasis within the hive. One method includes the collection of chemically complex plant resins combined with wax to form propolis, which is deposited throughout the hive. Propolis is believed to play a significant role in reducing disease load in the colony due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. However, little is known about how propolis may interact with bee-associated microbial symbionts, and if propolis alters microbial community structure. In this study, we found that propolis appears to maintain a stable microbial community composition and reduce the overall taxonomic diversity of the honeybee microbiome. Several key members of the gut microbiota were significantly altered in the absence of propolis, suggesting that it may play an important role in maintaining favourable abundance and composition of gut symbionts. Overall, these findings suggest that propolis may help to maintain honeybee colony microbial health by limiting changes to the overall microbial community.

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Secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alters weight, the gut microbiota, and the bile acid pool in conventional mice

10.1101/698795 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jenessa A. Winston ◽

Alissa Rivera ◽

Jingwei Cai ◽

Andrew D. Patterson ◽

Casey M. Theriot

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Cecal Content ◽

Bile Acid Pool ◽

Acid Pool ◽

Gut Microbial Community

AbstractUrsodeoxycholic acid (commercially available as Ursodiol) is a naturally occurring bile acid that is used to treat a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Ursodiol can modulate bile acid pools, which have the potential to alter the gut microbiota community structure. In turn, the gut microbial community can modulate bile acid pools, thus highlighting the interconnectedness of the gut microbiota-bile acid-host axis. Despite these interactions, it remains unclear if and how exogenously administered ursodiol shapes the gut microbial community structure and bile acid pool. This study aims to characterize how ursodiol alters the gastrointestinal ecosystem in conventional mice. C57BL/6J wildtype mice were given one of three doses of ursodiol (50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 21 days. Alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acids were examined including stool, ileal, and cecal content. Bile acids were also measured in serum. Significant weight loss was seen in mice treated with the low and high dose of ursodiol. Alterations in the microbial community structure and bile acid pool were seen in ileal and cecal content compared to pretreatment, and longitudinally in feces following the 21-day ursodiol treatment. In both ileal and cecal content, members of the Lachnospiraceae family significantly contributed to the changes observed. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of how exogenously administered ursodiol shapes the gastrointestinal ecosystem. Further studies to investigate how these changes in turn modify the host physiologic response are important.ImportanceUrsodeoxycholic acid (commercially available as ursodiol) is used to treat a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Despite its widespread use, how ursodiol impacts the gut microbial community structure and bile acid pool remains unknown. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of how exogenously administered ursodiol shapes the gastrointestinal ecosystem. Ursodiol administration in conventional mice resulted in significant alterations in the gut microbial community structure and bile acid pool, indicating that ursodiol has direct impacts on the gut microbiota-bile acid-host axis which should be considered when this medication is administered.Bile Acid AbbreviationsαMCA – α–Muricholic acid; βMCA –β–Muricholic acid; ωMCA –ω–Muricholic acid; CA – Cholic acid; CDCA – Chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA – Deoxycholic acid; GCDCA – Glycochenodeoxycholic acid; GDCA – Glycodeoxycholic acid; GLCA – Glycolithocholic acid; GUDCA – Glycoursodeoxycholic acid; HCA – Hyodeoxycholic acid; iDCA – Isodeoxycholic acid; iLCA – Isolithocholic acid; LCA – Lithocholic acid; TCA – Taurocholic acid; TCDCA – Taurochenodeoxycholic acid; TDCA – Taurodeoxycholic acid; THCA – Taurohyodeoxycholic acid; TUDCA – Tauroursodeoxycholic acid; TβMCA – Tauro-β-muricholic acid; TωMCA –Tauro ω-muricholic acid; UDCA – Ursodeoxycholic acid.

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mSphere of Influence: Drivers of Host-Associated Microbial Community Structure and Change

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.00248-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Vanessa L. Hale

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Microbial Structure ◽

Mucus Barrier ◽

Evolution Of Mammals

ABSTRACT Vanessa L. Hale studies the role of the microbiome in disease susceptibility in animal and human health. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the papers “Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes” (R. E. Ley, M. Hamady, C. Lozupone, P. J. Turnbaugh, et al., Science 320:1647–1651, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1155725) and “A dietary fiber-deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility” (M. S. Desai, A. M. Seekatz, N. M. Koropatkin, N. Kamada, et al., Cell 167:1339–1353.e21, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.10.043) have provided a foundation for studying drivers of gut microbial structure and change across host species in the context of evolution and disease risk.

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Secondary bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid alters weight, the gut microbiota, and the bile acid pool in conventional mice

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246161

Author(s):

Jenessa A. Winston ◽

Alissa Rivera ◽

Jingwei Cai ◽

Andrew D. Patterson ◽

Casey M. Theriot

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Bile Acid ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽

Microbial Community Structure ◽

Cecal Content ◽

Bile Acid Pool ◽

Acid Pool ◽

Gut Microbial Community

Ursodeoxycholic acid (commercially available as ursodiol) is a naturally occurring bile acid that is used to treat a variety of hepatic and gastrointestinal diseases. Ursodiol can modulate bile acid pools, which have the potential to alter the gut microbiota community structure. In turn, the gut microbial community can modulate bile acid pools, thus highlighting the interconnectedness of the gut microbiota-bile acid-host axis. Despite these interactions, it remains unclear if and how exogenously administered ursodiol shapes the gut microbial community structure and bile acid pool in conventional mice. This study aims to characterize how ursodiol alters the gastrointestinal ecosystem in conventional mice. C57BL/6J wildtype mice were given one of three doses of ursodiol (50, 150, or 450 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for 21 days. Alterations in the gut microbiota and bile acids were examined including stool, ileal, and cecal content. Bile acids were also measured in serum. Significant weight loss was seen in mice treated with the low and high dose of ursodiol. Alterations in the microbial community structure and bile acid pool were seen in ileal and cecal content compared to pretreatment, and longitudinally in feces following the 21-day ursodiol treatment. In both ileal and cecal content, members of the Lachnospiraceae Family significantly contributed to the changes observed. This study is the first to provide a comprehensive view of how exogenously administered ursodiol shapes the healthy gastrointestinal ecosystem in conventional mice. Further studies to investigate how these changes in turn modify the host physiologic response are important.

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