scholarly journals Mid-lateral Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Provide a Cognitive Error Signal When Monkeys Learn a New Visuomotor Association

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Sendhilnathan ◽  
Anna E. Ipata ◽  
Michael E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Error Signal ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

AbstractHow do we learn to establish associations between arbitrary visual cues (like a red light) and movements (like braking the car)? We investigated the neural correlates of visuomotor association learning in the monkey mid-lateral cerebellum. Here we show that, during learning but not when the associations were overlearned, individual Purkinje cells reported the outcome of the monkey’s most recent decision, an error signal, which was independent of changes in hand movement or reaction time. At the population level, Purkinje cells collectively maintained a memory of the most recent decision throughout the entire trial period, updating it after every decision. This error signal decreased as the performance improved. Our results suggest a role of mid-lateral cerebellum in visuomotor associative learning and provide evidence that cerebellum could be a generalized learning system, essential in non-motor learning as well as motor learning.

scholarly journals The mid-lateral cerebellum is necessary for reinforcement learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveen Sendhilnathan ◽  
Michael E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Error Signal ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Association Learning ◽  
New Associations ◽  
Crus I

SummaryThe cerebellum has long been considered crucial for supervised motor learning and its optimization1-3. However, new evidence has also implicated the cerebellum in reward based learning4-8, executive function9-12, and frontal-like clinical deficits13. We recently showed that the simple spikes of Purkinje cells (P-cells) in the mid-lateral cerebellar hemisphere (Crus I and II) encode a reinforcement error signal when monkeys learn to associate arbitrary symbols with hand movements4. However, it is unclear if the cerebellum is necessary for any process beyond motor learning. To investigate if the mid-lateral cerebellum is actually necessary for learning visuomotor associations, we reversibly inactivated the mid-lateral cerebellum of two primates with muscimol while they learned to associate arbitrary symbols with hand movements. Here we show that cerebellar inactivation impaired the monkey’s ability to learn new associations, although it had no effect on the monkeys’ performance on a task with overtrained symbols. A computational model corroborates our results. Cerebellar inactivation increased the reaction time, but there were no deficits in any motor kinematics such as the hand movement, licking or eye movement. There was no loss of function when we inactivated a more anterior region of the cerebellum that is implicated in motor control. We suggest that the mid-lateral cerebellum, which provides a reinforcement learning error signal4, is necessary for visuomotor association learning. Our results have implications for the involvement of cerebellum in cognitive control, and add critical constraints to brain models of non-motor learning14,15.

scholarly journals Motor learning of mice lacking cerebellar Purkinje cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elena Porras-García ◽  
Rocío Ruiz ◽  
Eva M. Pérez-Villegas ◽  
José Á. Armengol
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals SK2 channels in cerebellar Purkinje cells contribute to excitability modulation in motor-learning–specific memory traces

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. e3000596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Grasselli ◽  
Henk-Jan Boele ◽  
Heather K. Titley ◽  
Nora Bradford ◽  
Lisa van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals The Hyperpolarization-Activated HCN1 Channel Is Important for Motor Learning and Neuronal Integration by Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Cell ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Nolan ◽  
Gaël Malleret ◽  
Ka Hung Lee ◽  
Emma Gibbs ◽  
Joshua T. Dudman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

scholarly journals Abnormal nuclear envelope in the cerebellar Purkinje cells and impaired motor learning in DYT11 myoclonus-dystonia mouse models

2012 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Yokoi ◽  
Mai T. Dang ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
JinDong Li ◽  
Atbin Doroodchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Myoclonus Dystonia

scholarly journals Specific motor learning memory traces are affected by SK2 channels-dependent modulation of excitability in cerebellar Purkinje cells

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S397
Author(s):  
Giorgio Grasselli ◽  
Henk-Jan Boele ◽  
Heather K. Titley ◽  
Nora Bradford ◽  
Lisa Van Beers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells

Ultrastorcture of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in Rats Subjected To Partial Global Cerebral Ischemia

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 674-675
Author(s):  
R.V.W. Dimlich ◽  
M.H. Biros
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Global Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Cerebellar Damage ◽  
Cerebellar Injury ◽  
Cerebellar Purkinje Cells ◽  
Cell Changes

In severe cerebral ischemia, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum are one of the cell types most vulnerable to anoxic damage. In the partial (forebrain) global ischemic (PGI) model of the rat, Paljärvi noted at the light microscopic level that cerebellar damage is inconsistant and when present, milder than in the telencephalon, diencephalon and rostral brain stem. Cerebellar injury was observed in 3 of 4 PGI rats following 5 minutes of reperfusion but in none of the rats after 90 min of reperfusion. To evaluate a time between these two extremes (5 and 90 min), the present investigation used the PGI model to study the effects of ischemia on the ultrastructure of cerebellar Purkinje cells in rats that were sacrificed after 30 min of reperfusion. This time also was chosen because lactic acid that is thought to contribute to ischemic cell changes in PGI is at a maximum after 30 min of reperfusion.

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