scholarly journals Exploring multiple sensory systems in ovipositors of Drosophila suzukii and related species with different egg-laying behaviour

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Crava ◽  
Roberto Romani ◽  
Damiano Zanini ◽  
Simone Amati ◽  
Giorgia Sollai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Ovipositor Morphology ◽  
Oviposition Sites

ABSTRACTDrosophila suzukii is an invasive agricultural pest species that lays eggs in fruit during ripening, while most closely related Drosophila species use rotten matter as oviposition substrates. This behaviour is allowed by an enlarged and serrated ovipositor that can pierce intact fruit skin. D. suzukii combines multiple sensory systems (mechanosensation, olfaction, and taste) to select oviposition sites. Here, we test the hypothesis that the D. suzukii ovipositor is involved in these sensory modalities. We first investigate the ovipositor gene expression using a comparative framework of four Drosophila species with gradual changes in ovipositor morphology to identify evolutionary adaptations specific to D. suzukii. Results show transcription of chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the four species, with a common core of sensory receptors expressed in all of them. Then, we demonstrate that sensory structures present in the distal tip of the D. suzukii ovipositor are mechanosensory-like sensilla, and that the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel ppk is expressed in homologous structures in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results suggest the D. suzukii ovipositor playing a role in mechanosensation, which might be shared with other Drosophila species.

scholarly journals Drosophila suzukii avoidance of microbes in oviposition choice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201601
Author(s):  
Airi Sato ◽  
Kentaro M. Tanaka ◽  
Joanne Y. Yew ◽  
Aya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Oviposition Site Preference ◽  
Oviposition Substrate ◽  
Oviposition Sites

While the majority of Drosophila species lays eggs onto fermented fruits, females of Drosophila suzukii pierce the skin and lay eggs into ripening fruits using their serrated ovipositors. The changes of oviposition site preference must have accompanied this niche exploitation. In this study, we established an oviposition assay to investigate the effects of commensal microbes deposited by conspecific and heterospecific individuals and showed that the presence of microbes on the oviposition substrate enhances egg laying of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila biarmipes , but discourages that of D. suzukii . This result suggests that a drastic change has taken place in the lineage leading to D. suzukii in how females respond to chemical cues produced by microbes. We also found that hardness of the substrate, resembling that of either ripening or damaged and fermenting fruits, affects the response to microbial growth, indicating that mechanosensory stimuli interact with chemosensory-guided decisions to select or avoid oviposition sites.

scholarly journals Evolution of Multiple Sensory Systems Drives Novel Egg-Laying Behavior in the Fruit Pest Drosophila suzukii

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianthi Karageorgi ◽  
Lasse B. Bräcker ◽  
Sébastien Lebreton ◽  
Caroline Minervino ◽  
Matthieu Cavey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii

scholarly journals Behavioral and genomic sensory adaptations underlying the pest activity of Drosophila suzukii

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. Durkin ◽  
Mahul Chakraborty ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Kyle M. Lewald ◽  
Alice Gadau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sensory Adaptations

ABSTRACTStudying how novel phenotypes originate and evolve is fundamental to the field of evolutionary biology as it allows us to understand how organismal diversity is generated and maintained. However, determining the basis of novel phenotypes is challenging as it involves orchestrated changes at multiple biological levels. Here, we aim to overcome this challenge by using a comparative species framework combining behavioral, gene expression, and genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary novel egg-laying substrate-choice behavior of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii. First, we used egg-laying behavioral assays to understand the evolution of ripe fruit oviposition preference in D. suzukii as compared to closely related species D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes, as well as D. melanogaster. We show that D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes lay eggs on both ripe and rotten fruits, suggesting that the transition to ripe fruit preference was gradual. Secondly, using two-choice oviposition assays, we studied how D. suzukii, D. subpulchrella, D. biarmipes and D. melanogaster differentially process key sensory cues distinguishing ripe from rotten fruit during egg-laying. We found that D. suzukii’s preference for ripe fruit is in part mediated through a species-specific preference for stiff substrates. Lastly, we sequenced and annotated a high-quality genome for D. subpulchrella. Using comparative genomic approaches, we identified candidate genes involved in D. suzukii’s ability to seek out and target ripe fruits. Our results provide detail to the stepwise evolution of pest activity in D. suzukii, indicating important cues used by this species when finding a host, and the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying their adaptation to a new ecological niche.

scholarly journals Drosophila suzukii avoidance of microbes in oviposition choice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Airi Sato ◽  
Kentaro M. Tanaka ◽  
Joanne Y. Yew ◽  
Aya Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Oviposition Site Preference ◽  
Oviposition Substrate ◽  
Oviposition Sites

AbstractWhile the majority of Drosophila species lay eggs onto fermented fruits, females of D. suzukii pierce the skin and lay eggs into ripening fruits using their serrated ovipositors. The changes of oviposition site preference must have accompanied this niche exploitation. In this study, we established an oviposition assay to investigate the effects of commensal microbes deposited by conspecific and heterospecific individuals, and showed that presence of microbes on the oviposition substrate enhances egg-laying of D. melanogaster and D. biarmipes, but discourages that of D. suzukii. This result suggests that a drastic change has taken place in the lineage leading to D. suzukii in how females respond to chemical cues produced by microbes. We also found that hardness of the substrate affects the response to microbial growth, indicating that mechanosensory stimuli interact with chemosensory invoked decisions to select or avoid oviposition sites.

scholarly journals Behavioral and genomic sensory adaptations underlying the pest activity of Drosophila suzukii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M Durkin ◽  
Mahul Chakraborty ◽  
Antoine Abrieux ◽  
Kyle M Lewald ◽  
Alice Gadau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Sensory Adaptations

Abstract Studying how novel phenotypes originate and evolve is fundamental to the field of evolutionary biology as it allows us to understand how organismal diversity is generated and maintained. However, determining the basis of novel phenotypes is challenging as it involves orchestrated changes at multiple biological levels. Here, we aim to overcome this challenge by using a comparative species framework combining behavioral, gene expression, and genomic analyses to understand the evolutionary novel egg-laying substrate-choice behavior of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii. First, we used egg-laying behavioral assays to understand the evolution of ripe fruit oviposition preference in D. suzukii as compared to closely related species D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes, as well as D. melanogaster. We show that D. subpulchrella and D. biarmipes lay eggs on both ripe and rotten fruits, suggesting that the transition to ripe fruit preference was gradual. Secondly, using two-choice oviposition assays, we studied how D. suzukii, D. subpulchrella, D. biarmipes and D. melanogaster differentially process key sensory cues distinguishing ripe from rotten fruit during egg-laying. We found that D. suzukii’s preference for ripe fruit is in part mediated through a species-specific preference for stiff substrates. Lastly, we sequenced and annotated a high-quality genome for D. subpulchrella. Using comparative genomic approaches, we identified candidate genes involved in D. suzukii’s ability to seek out and target ripe fruits. Our results provide detail to the stepwise evolution of pest activity in D. suzukii, indicating important cues used by this species when finding a host, and the molecular mechanisms potentially underlying their adaptation to a new ecological niche.

scholarly journals Fine Morphology of Antennal and Ovipositor Sensory Structures of the Gall Chestnut Wasp, Dryocosmus kuriphilus

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Milos Sevarika ◽  
Marco Valerio Rossi Stacconi ◽  
Roberto Romani
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
Dryocosmus Kuriphilus ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Host Plant Location ◽  
Oviposition Sites ◽  
Fine Morphology

Dryocosmus kuriphilus is a gall-inducing insect, which can cause significant damage on plants of the genus Castanea Mill., 1754. Antennae and ovipositor are the main sensory organs involved in the location of suitable oviposition sites. Antennal sensilla are involved in the host plant location, while ovipositor sensilla assess the suitability of the ovipositional bud. On both organs, diverse sensillar organs are present. Here, the distribution and ultrastructural organization of the sensilla were investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The antennae of D. kuriphilus are filiform and composed of 14 antennomeres, with the distal flagellomere bearing the highest number of sensilla. On the antennae, 6 sensilla types were found; sensilla chaetica, campaniformia, coeloconica-I, coeloconica-II, trichoidea and placoidea. The sensilla placoidea and trichoidea were the most abundant types. On the external walls of the ovipositor, gustatory and mechanoreceptive sensilla were observed. Internally, the egg channel hosted two additional sensory structures. The putative functional role of each sensilla in the context of insect’s ecology is discussed as well as the ovipositional mechanism used by this insect.

scholarly journals Structural comparison of the rostra of two species of weevils coexisting on Ailanthus altissima: the response to ecological demands of egg deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyu Zhang ◽  
Wenjuan Guo ◽  
Xiaoyi Wang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Ailanthus Altissima ◽  
Structural Comparison ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Functional Potential ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Abstract Background Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence plays a key role in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-occur on the same only host Ailanthus altissima, while their oviposition sites are different. In order to understand the adaptation between the rostra of the two weevils and their oviposition sites, the structural differentiation of the rostra in E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was compared. Results The present study reveals that: (1) The rostra length of E. scrobiculatus and E. brandti was found to be correlated with body size, larger weevils have a correspondingly longer rostrum. The increase of rostra length may be a byproduct of larger weevils. (2) There were significant differences in the external shape of the two rostra, especially the shape of the mandibles of the mouthparts at the apex of the rostra used to excavate an oviposition cavity. (3) There was no difference in the size of the abductor muscles that control the extension of the mandibles, but there were significant differences in the size of the adductor muscles that control the contraction of the mandibles. Conclusions These structural differences reflect the functional potential ovipositional tactics of rostra, which is considered to be a response to the ecological demands of egg deposition, and also provide new insights into the coexistence of two weevil species in the same host A. altissima.

scholarly journals The mating rate of Drosophila suzukii reduction due to reproductive interference from Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhuo Chen ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Pengcheng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Reproductive Interference ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Successful Mating ◽  
Reproductive Activities

Abstract Background Drosophila suzukii is widely distributed. Research has revealed that the presence of Drosophila melanogaster can reduce the emergence and egg laying of D. suzukii. However, the reasons for these phenomena have not yet been reported. To investigate this issue, we sought to answer three questions: Can the presence of D. melanogaster reduce the longevity of D. suzukii? Does D. melanogaster dominate in larval interspecific competition with D. suzukii? Does reproductive interference occur between these species; i.e., do individuals of one species (e.g., D. suzukii) engage in reproductive activities with individuals of the other (e.g., D. melanogaster) such that the fitness of one or both species is reduced? Results The results showed that the adult offspring number of Drosophila suzukii was significantly reduced when this species was reared with Drosophila melanogaster. The larval interspecific competition had no significant effects on Drosophila suzukii longevity or population size. Surprisingly, Drosophila melanogaster imposed reproductive interference on males of Drosophila suzukii, which led to a significant decline in the rate of successful mating of the latter species. Conclusions The presence of Drosophila melanogaster causes the population size of Drosophila suzukii to decrease through reproductive interference, and the rate of successful mating in Drosophila suzukii is significantly reduced in the presence of Drosophila melanogaster.

THE EGG AND OVIPOSITION SITE OF DERAEOCORIS NEBULOSUS (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON APPLE TREES

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. McCaffrey ◽  
R. L. Horsburgh
Keyword(s):  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Ornamental Trees ◽  
Trees And Shrubs ◽  
Oviposition Sites

The predaceous mirid Deraeocoris nebulosus (Uhler) is found on more than 50 species of ornamental trees and shrubs where it feeds on several important pest species (Wheeler et al. 1975). It is a common mite and aphid predator in commercial apple orchards in Virginia (Parrella et al. 1978). Wheeler et al. (1975) described the nymphal stages and biology, but made no mention of the egg or oviposition site. We describe the egg and oviposition site which we discovered while studying various predators of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), in Virginia apple orchards. Eggs and oviposition sites of other predaceous mirids associated with apple have been described (Kullenberg 1942; Collyer 1952, 1953; Sanford 1964; Horsburgh and Asquith 1968, 1970).

scholarly journals Eggs of the Blind Snake,Liotyphlops albirostris, Are Incubated in a Nest of the Lower Fungus-Growing Ant,  Apterostigmacf.goniodes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaspar Bruner ◽  
Hermógenes Fernández-Marín ◽  
Justin C. Touchon ◽  
William T. Wcislo
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Lower Fungus ◽  
Lower Vertebrates ◽  
Optimal Oviposition ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Laboratory Colonies ◽  
Fungus Growing Ants ◽  
Central Panama ◽  
Oviposition Sites

Parental care is rare in most lower vertebrates. By selecting optimal oviposition sites, however, mothers can realize some benefits often associated with parental care. We found three ovoid reptilian eggs within a mature nest of a relatively basal fungus-growing ant,Apterostigmacf.goniodes(Attini), in central Panama. In laboratory colonies,A.cf.goniodesworkers attended and cared for the eggs. Two blind snakes,Liotyphlops albirostris(Anomalepididae), successfully hatched, which is the first rearing record for this species. The ants did not disturb the snakes, and the snakes did not eat the ants; we found no ants in the dissected stomachs of the snakes. We review other associations between nesting fungus-growing ants and egg-laying vertebrates, which together suggest that attine nests may provide a safe, environmentally buffered location for oviposition, even in basal attine taxa with relatively small colony sizes.

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