scholarly journals Microstimulation of primate neocortex targeting striosomes induces negative decision-making

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Amemori ◽  
Ken-ichi Amemori ◽  
Tomoko Yoshida ◽  
Georgios K. Papageorgiou ◽  
Rui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Emotional Conflict ◽  
Electrical Microstimulation ◽  
Affective Judgment ◽  
Mri Guided ◽  
Cortical Regions

AbstractAffective judgment and decision-making are strongly modulated by the pregenual anterior cingulate (pACC) and caudal orbitofrontal (cOFC) cortical regions. By combining MRI-guided electrical microstimulation with viral tracing methods in non-human primates, we demonstrate that circumscribed pACC and cOFC microstimulation sites that induce negative decision-making preferentially project to striosomes in the anterior striatum. These results outline a behaviorally important circuit from pACC/cOFC to striosomes causally modulating decision-making under emotional conflict.

scholarly journals Retrosplenial Cortical Connectivity with Frontal Basal Ganglia Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Megan E. Monko ◽  
Sarah R. Heilbronner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Projection Zone ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract Previous studies of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) have focused on its role in navigation and memory, consistent with its well-established medial temporal connections, but recent evidence also suggests a role for this region in reward and decision making. Because function is determined largely by anatomical connections, and to better understand the anatomy of RSC, we used tract-tracing methods to examine the anatomical connectivity between the rat RSC and frontostriatal networks (canonical reward and decision-making circuits). We find that, among frontal cortical regions, RSC bidirectionally connects most strongly with the anterior cingulate cortex, but also with an area of the central–medial orbito-frontal cortex. RSC projects to the dorsomedial striatum, and its terminal fields are virtually encompassed by the frontal-striatal projection zone, suggestive of functional convergence through the basal ganglia. This overlap is driven by anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex, and orbito-frontal cortex, all of which contribute to goal-directed decision making, suggesting that the RSC is involved in similar processes.

scholarly journals Causal Evidence for Induction of Pessimistic Decision-Making in Primates by the Network of Frontal Cortex and Striosomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoko Amemori ◽  
Ann M. Graybiel ◽  
Ken-ichi Amemori
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Classic Approach ◽  
Cortical Regions

Clinical studies have shown that patients with anxiety disorders exhibited coactivation of limbic cortices and basal ganglia, which together form a large-scale brain network. The mechanisms by which such a large-scale network could induce or modulate anxiety-like states are largely unknown. This article reviews our experimental program in macaques demonstrating a causal involvement of local striatal and frontal cortical sites in inducing pessimistic decision-making that underlies anxiety. Where relevant, we related these findings to the wider literature. To identify such sites, we have made a series of methodologic advances, including the combination of causal evidence for behavioral modification of pessimistic decisions with viral tracing methods. Critically, we introduced a version of the classic approach-avoidance (Ap-Av) conflict task, modified for use in non-human primates. We performed microstimulation of limbic-related cortical regions and the striatum, focusing on the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC), the caudal orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC), and the caudate nucleus (CN). Microstimulation of localized sites within these regions induced pessimistic decision-making by the monkeys, supporting the idea that the focal activation of these regions could induce an anxiety-like state, which subsequently influences decision-making. We further performed combined microstimulation and tract-tracing experiments by injecting anterograde viral tracers into focal regions, at which microstimulation induced increased avoidance. We found that effective stimulation sites in both pACC and cOFC zones projected preferentially to striosomes in the anterior striatum. Experiments in rodents have shown that the striosomes in the anterior striatum project directly to the dopamine-containing cells in the substantia nigra, and we have found evidence for a functional connection between striosomes and the lateral habenular region in which responses to reward are inhibitory. We present here further evidence for network interactions: we show that the pACC and cOFC project to common structures, including not only the anterior parts of the striosome compartment but also the tail of the CN, the subgenual ACC, the amygdala, and the thalamus. Together, our findings suggest that networks having pACC and cOFC as nodes share similar features in their connectivity patterns. We here hypothesize, based on these results, that the brain sites related to pessimistic judgment are mediated by a large-scale brain network that regulates dopaminergic functions and includes striosomes and striosome-projecting cortical regions.

Central Nervous System Processing of Emotions in Children with Fecal Incontinence and Constipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Monika Equit ◽  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Anna Kluth ◽  
Carla Thomas ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract. Objective: Fecal incontinence and constipation are common disorders in childhood. The enteric nervous system and the central nervous system are highly interactive along the brain-gut axis. The interaction is mainly afferent. These afferent pathways include centers that are involved in the central nervous processing of emotions as the mid/posterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. A previous study revealed altered processing of emotions in children with fecal incontinence. The present study replicates these results. Methods: In order to analyze the processing of emotions, we compared the event-related potentials of 25 children with fecal incontinence and constipation to those of 15 control children during the presentation of positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results: Children with fecal incontinence and constipation showed altered processing of emotions, especially in the parietal and central cortical regions. Conclusions: The main study results of the previous study were replicated, increasing the certainty and validity of the findings.

Recent Research in Judgment and Decision Making

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Pitz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making

Judgment and decision making

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making

Prescriptive lay beliefs about the "how" of judgment and decision making

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Huber ◽  
Bernadette Park ◽  
Leaf Van Boven
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Lay Beliefs
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