Central Nervous System Processing of Emotions in Children with Fecal Incontinence and Constipation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Monika Equit ◽  
Justine Niemczyk ◽  
Anna Kluth ◽  
Carla Thomas ◽  
Mathias Rubly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cortical Regions

Abstract. Objective: Fecal incontinence and constipation are common disorders in childhood. The enteric nervous system and the central nervous system are highly interactive along the brain-gut axis. The interaction is mainly afferent. These afferent pathways include centers that are involved in the central nervous processing of emotions as the mid/posterior insula and the anterior cingulate cortex. A previous study revealed altered processing of emotions in children with fecal incontinence. The present study replicates these results. Methods: In order to analyze the processing of emotions, we compared the event-related potentials of 25 children with fecal incontinence and constipation to those of 15 control children during the presentation of positive, negative, and neutral pictures. Results: Children with fecal incontinence and constipation showed altered processing of emotions, especially in the parietal and central cortical regions. Conclusions: The main study results of the previous study were replicated, increasing the certainty and validity of the findings.

scholarly journals Odor habituation can modulate very early olfactory event-related potential

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangsu Kim ◽  
Jisub Bae ◽  
Youngsun Jin ◽  
Cheil Moon
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Odor Signal ◽  
Behavior Test

Abstract Odor habituation is a phenomenon that after repeated exposure to an odor, is characterized by decreased responses to it. The central nervous system is involved in odor habituation. To study odor habituation in humans, measurement of event-related potentials (ERPs) has been widely used in the olfactory system and other sensory systems, because of their high temporal resolution. Most previous odor habituation studies have measured the olfactory ERPs of (200–800) ms. However, several studies have shown that the odor signal is processed in the central nervous system earlier than at 200 ms. For these reasons, we studied whether when odors were habituated, olfactory ERP within 200 ms of odors could change. To this end, we performed an odor habituation behavior test and electroencephalogram experiments. In the behavior test, under habituation conditions, odor intensity was significantly decreased. We found significant differences in the negative and positive potentials within 200 ms across the conditions, which correlated significantly with the results of the behavior test. We also observed that ERP latency depended on the conditions. Our study suggests that odor habituation can involve the olfactory ERP of odors within 200 ms in the brain.

SPLANCHNIC AFFERENT PATHWAYS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

1952 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Aidar ◽  
William A. Geohegan ◽  
Luise H. Ungewitter
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Voltage-gated sodium channels and pain

e-Neuroforum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Nau ◽  
Enrico Leipold
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Voltage Gated ◽  
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels ◽  
The Central Nervous System

AbstractPainful stimuli are detected by specialized neurons, nociceptors, and are translated into action potentials, that are conducted along afferent pathways into the central nervous system, where they are conceived as pain. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na

scholarly journals On improving medical care for patients with metastatic tumors of the central nervous system in the Republic of Tatarstan

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V I Danilov ◽  
R Sh Khasanov ◽  
A G Alekseev ◽  
K T Shakirov ◽  
A A Nasher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Metastatic Tumors ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Metastatic Lesions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Republic

Aim. To optimize medical care for patients with metastatic tumors of the central nervous system in the Republic of Tatarstan. Methods. The database of the Cancer Registry of the Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary of the Ministry of Health Care of the Republic of Tatarstan and the case histories of patients treated in the neurosurgical departments for the period from 1998 to 2007 served as the material for this study. Results. Lung cancer, breast cancer, kidney cancer and melanoma were the most frequent types of cancers to metastasize to the central nervous system. There was a significant discrepancy between the predicted and the detected number of patients with metastatic lesions of the central nervous system. Studied was the quality of medical care provision to this category of patients. In the Republic of Tatarstan established is a modern instrumental base for the timely diagnosis of metastatic lesions of the central nervous system and their complex treatment in accordance with the current guidelines. However, the effectiveness of diagnostic and therapeutic measures still remains unsatisfactory. Conclusion. A set of measures for optimizing medical care for patients with metastatic tumors of the central nervous system has been developed in the Republic of Tatarstan.

Modulation of bladder function by prostaglandin EP3 receptors in the central nervous system

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (4) ◽  
pp. F984-F994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Su ◽  
Lisa A. Leon ◽  
Charlene W. Wu ◽  
Dwight M. Morrow ◽  
Jon-Paul Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Bladder Distension ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Prostaglandin EP3 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) may exert an excitatory effect on urinary bladder function via modulation of bladder afferent pathways. We have studied this action, using two EP3 antagonists, (2 E)-3-{1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl]-5-fluoro-3-methyl-1 H-indol-7-yl}- N-[(4,5-dichloro-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-2-propenamide (DG041) and (2 E)- N-{[5-bromo-2-(methyloxy)phenyl] sulfonyl}-3-[2-(2-naphthalenylmethyl)phenyl]-2-propenamide (CM9). DG041 and CM9 were proven to be selective EP3 antagonists with radioligand binding and functional fluorescent imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assays. Their effects on volume-induced rhythmic bladder contraction and the visceromotor reflex (VMR) response to urinary bladder distension (UBD) were evaluated in female rats after intrathecal or intracerebroventricular administration. Both DG041 and CM9 showed a high affinity for EP3 receptors at subnanomolar concentrations without significant selectivity for any splice variants. At the human EP3C receptor, both inhibited calcium influx produced by the nonselective agonist PGE2. After intrathecal or intracerebroventricular administration both CM9 and DG041 dose-dependently reduced the frequency, but not the amplitude, of the bladder rhythmic contraction. With intrathecal administration DG041 and CM9 produced a long-lasting and robust inhibition on the VMR response to UBD, whereas with intracerebroventricular injection both compounds elicited only a transient reduction of the VMR response to bladder distension. These data support the concept that EP3 receptors are involved in bladder micturition at supraspinal and spinal centers and in bladder nociception at the spinal cord. A centrally acting EP3 receptor antagonist may be useful in the control of detrusor overactivity and/or pain associated with bladder disorders.

scholarly journals Higher neural demands on stimulus processing after prolonged hospitalization can be mitigated by a cognitively stimulating environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Uroš Marušič ◽  
Rado Pišot ◽  
Vojko Kavčič
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Related Potentials

Prolonged periods of complete physical inactivity or bed rest trigger various alterations in the functional and metabolic levels of the human body. However, bed rest-related adaptations of the central nervous system are less known and thoroughly studied. The aim of this study was to investigate brain electrophysiological changes using event-related potentials (ERPs) after 14 days of bed rest and 12 consecutive sessions of computerized cognitive training (CCT). Sixteen older (Mage= 60 years) healthy volunteers were randomly divided into a CCT treatment group and an active control group. All participants performed ERP measurements based on the foveal visual presentation of a circle on a black background before and after bed rest. After 14 days of bed rest, participants in the control group showed increased peak P1 amplitude (p = .012), decreased P1 latency (p = .024), and increased P2 amplitude (p = .036), while the CCT group also showed decreased P1 latency (p = .023) and decreased P2 latency (p = .049). Our results suggest that, even from a central adaptation perspective, prolonged periods of physical inactivity or bed rest trigger additional neural recruitment and should therefore be minimized, and that CCT may serve as a tool to mitigate this. Future research should focus on other aspects of central nervous system adaptation following periods of immobilization/hospitalization to improve our knowledge of influence of physical inactivity and its effects on cortical activity and to develop appropriate countermeasures to mitigate functional dysregulation.

scholarly journals Ghrelin Supresses Sympathetic Hyperexcitation in Acute Heart Failure in Male Rats: Assessing Centrally and Peripherally Mediated Pathways

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (9) ◽  
pp. 3309-3316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikiyasu Shirai ◽  
Natalie Joe ◽  
Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi ◽  
Takashi Sonobe ◽  
Daryl O. Schwenke
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Afferent Pathways ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Acute Mi ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain

The hormone ghrelin prevents a dangerous increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) after acute myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This study aimed to determine whether ghrelin's sympathoinhibitory properties stem either from directly within the central nervous system, or via modulation of specific cardiac vagal inhibitory afferents. Cardiac SNA was recorded in urethane-anesthetized rats for 3 hours after the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (ie, MI). Rats received ghrelin either sc (150 μg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (5 μg/kg) immediately after the MI. In another two groups, the cervical vagi were denervated prior to the MI, followed by sc injection of either ghrelin or placebo. Acute MI induced a 188% increase in cardiac SNA, which was significantly attenuated in ghrelin-treated rats for both sc or intracerebroventricularly administration (36% and 76% increase, respectively). Consequently, mortality (47%) and the incidence of arrhythmic episodes (12 per 2 h) were improved with both routes of ghrelin administration (<13% and less than five per 2 h, respectively). Bilateral vagotomy significantly attenuated the cardiac SNA response to acute MI (99% increase). Ghrelin further attenuated the sympathetic response to MI in vagotomized rats so that the SNA response was comparable between vagotomized and vagal-intact MI rats treated with ghrelin. These results suggest that ghrelin may act primarily via a central pathway within the brain to suppress SNA after MI, although peripheral vagal afferent pathways may also contribute in part. The exact region(s) within the central nervous system whereby ghrelin inhibits SNA remains to be fully elucidated.

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