scholarly journals Architectural analyses of tree forking habit with single-image photogrammetry: a case study of post-mature temperate oaks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Kędra
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Branching Ratio ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Single Image ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest

AbstractTree forking is both ecologically and economically relevant, but remains much understudied. Here, thirty post-mature temperate oaks (Quercus robur or Q. petraea) forking habit was both qualitatively and quantitatively analysed with the single-image photogrammetry (SIP), in a north-exposed mixed, deciduous forest remnant (near Krakow; Poland). A new classification of mature oak architectures was proposed, based on the original Hallé-Oldeman model, with modified locations of the main branches and presence or absence of bifurcation in the main stem. Two of the new classes were most clearly represented by the studied oaks. It was found that the trees tended to either keep branches at varying heights, with no forks, or to iterate forking, with no major (non-fork) branches below the first fork. The quantitative analysis confirmed the applicability of the branch to parent stem diameter ratio to define a fork. Branching ratio was positively correlated with both tree diameter and height of a branch above the ground, which is consistent with a previous study, based on much younger trees. It is concluded, that most probably the tree-level factors and phenomena, such as water supplies and posture control, played the key role in the studied oaks forking habit. The SIP method enabled valuable insights into the large oaks’ forking, both at the tree and branch levels, and may be further employed to study mature trees’ bifurcation patterns. Based on this study, some possible improvements to the methodology were discussed.

scholarly journals A New Classification Analysis of Customer Requirement Information Based on Quantitative Standardization for Product Configuration

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Xiao ◽  
Zude Zhou ◽  
Buyun Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Product Family ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Product Configuration ◽  
Customer Requirement ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Classification Analysis ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Subsequent Application

Traditional methods used for the classification of customer requirement information are typically based on specific indicators, hierarchical structures, and data formats and involve a qualitative analysis in terms of stationary patterns. Because these methods neither consider the scalability of classification results nor do they regard subsequent application to product configuration, their classification becomes an isolated operation. However, the transformation of customer requirement information into quantifiable values would lead to a dynamic classification according to specific conditions and would enable an association with product configuration in an enterprise. This paper introduces a classification analysis based on quantitative standardization, which focuses on (i) expressing customer requirement information mathematically and (ii) classifying customer requirement information for product configuration purposes. Our classification analysis treated customer requirement information as follows: first, it was transformed into standardized values using mathematics, subsequent to which it was classified through calculating the dissimilarity with general customer requirement information related to the product family. Finally, a case study was used to demonstrate and validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the classification analysis.

CASE STUDY: Delegated Distribution: Hotels Should Be Warned! An Example from Croatia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Slivar ◽  
Uglješa Stankov ◽  
Vanja Pavluković
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Market Position ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Online Travel Agencies

The penetration of online booking among hotels has been growing steadily. In order to maintain its market position, online travel agencies (OTAs) are offering small and medium hotels, mainly to those which have not yet adopted e-commerce, their own booking engines for websites or as apps to be integrated on hotels' platforms. Hotels are persuaded by cuts in commission, no commissions and other privileges. The implications of such a decision are of crucial importance to hotels in the struggle for tourists. This article presents a new classification of tourism e-distribution which includes this phenomenon named “delegate distribution”, a partnership strategy of OTA-s with hoteliers drawing on a study on the expansion of delegated distribution in Croatia. The key advantages and disadvantages are also listed, along with a comparison with direct and indirect forms of distribution in terms of inference upon other marketing mix elements.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Emission Reductions by Managing Dry Mixed Deciduous Forest: Case Study in Popa Mountain Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ya Aye ◽  
Savent Pampasit ◽  
Chanin Umponstira ◽  
Kanita Thanacharoenchanaphas ◽  
Nophea Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Mixed Deciduous Forest

scholarly journals Identificação Arbórea e uma Nova Proposta de Classificação das Subformas do Bioma Cerrado: Estudo de Caso do Município de São Francisco, Minas Gerais.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2714
Author(s):  
Pedro Luiz Teixeira Camargo ◽  
Paulo Pereira Martins Júnior ◽  
Raphaella Karla Portes Beserra ◽  
Tiago Soares Barcelos
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Campo Rupestre ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Physical Description ◽  
Cerrado Biome ◽  
Restricted Sense

Este trabalho versa acerca do bioma Cerrado e de suas diversas fitofisionomias divisíveis, uma grande polêmica ainda presente neste tipo de Savana. O objetivo desta pesquisa, localizado em São Francisco, Norte de Minas Gerais, é listar e verificar as diversas espécies (ou famílias) arbóreas presentes nas fisionomias vegetacionais ali presentes, contribuindo assim para sua identificação. Como resultados apresentam-se formações florestais, savânicas e campestres, que podem ser dividas em 11 subformas: Mata Ciliar, Mata de Galeria, Mata Seca ou Floresta Estacional Decidual, Cerradão, Cerrado sentido restrito, Parque Cerrado, Palmeiral, Vereda, Campo Sujo, Campo Limpo e Campo Rupestre. Além da descrição física, observaram-se as principais espécies arbóreas ali presentes, com destaque para o Cerrado sentido restrito, com 33 espécies lenhosas descritas. Como conclusão é possível observar que as fitoformas Floresta de Galeria, Palmeiral e Parque Cerrado não parecem ter tantas espécies arbóreas diferenciadas capazes de serem denominadas como subtipos deste bioma, a primeira poderia estar junto com a Mata Ciliar, a segunda nas Veredas e a terceira junto ao Cerrado sentido restrito, sendo sugerido mais estudos que comprovem esta hipótese aqui colocada de uma nova proposta de classificação das subformas do bioma Cerrado diferente daquela proposta por Ribeiro e Walter (1998). Tree Identification and a New Classification Proposal for the Substrings of the Cerrado Biome: Case Study of the Municipality of São Francisco, Minas Gerais A B S T R A C TThe classification of the Cerrado biome and its various divisible phytophysiognomies is still a major controversy among scholars on the subject, therefore, the objective of this research, located in São Francisco, North of Minas Gerais, is to list and verify the various species (or tree families present in the region's vegetation physiognomies, thus contributing to their identification. As results, forest, savanna and countryside formations are presented, which, according to Ribeiro and Walter (1998), can be divided into eleven subforms: Mata Ciliar, Mata de Galeria, Mata Seca or Decidual Seasonal Forest, Cerradão, Cerrado sense restricted, Park Cerrado, Palm, Vereda, Campo Sujo, Campo Limpo and Campo Rupestre. In addition to the physical description, the main tree species present there were observed, with emphasis on the Cerrado restricted sense, with 33 woody species described. As a conclusion, it is possible to observe that the phytoforms Floresta de Galeria, Palmeiral and Parque Cerrado do not seem to have so many different tree species capable of being called as subtypes of this biome, therefore, we propose a new classification for the Cerrado subforms, with the Galeria Forest being placed together with the Mata Ciliar, the Palm together with the Veredas and the Parque Cerrado together with the Cerrado in a restricted sense, thus being no more eleven subforms, but only eight. Further studies are suggested to prove the hypothesis presented here of a new proposal for the classification of subforms of the Cerrado biome different from the classic proposal.Keywords: biogeography, forest identification, agrarian and environmental Geosciences.

New Classification of Gemstone Colours

1971 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
K. F. Chudoba
Keyword(s):  
New Classification

Reductionism and holism in the philosophy of medicine

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
E. Zakablukovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Medicine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
New Classification

The article highlights certain aspects of the discussion on the topic of reductionism vs. holism in the philosophy of medicine. Classic radical reductionism is defeated by the concept of emergence. The s.c. bio-medical point of view on a malady, despite its relevance and clear benefit, is not recognized as universal as its adherents may claim, and it yields to an integral psycho-bio-social model. The author introduces a new classification of holism (vitalistic, social and individualistic) and makes appropriate recommendations to clinicians. It is social holism at the macro level that has proven effective in combating the spread of COVID-19.

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