Influence of slope incline on the ejection of two-phase soil splashed material

Soil splash is the first step in the process of water erosion, where impacting raindrops cause the detachment and transport of soil material. One of the factors that strongly influences the magnitude of soil splash is the incline of the surface (slope). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the slope on the course of the splash phenomenon caused by single-drop impact (one drop impact per soil sample), with respect to the mass and proportions of the ejected material, taking into account its division into solid and liquid phases i.e. soil and water. The investigation was carried out using three types of soil with different textures, in moistened (pressure head corresponding to -1.0 kPa) and air-dry (-1500 kPa) conditions. The soil samples were on three angles of slope, being 5°, 15°, and 30°, respectively. After a single-drop impact with a diameter of 4.2 mm, the ejected material was collected using a splash cup. The following quantities of splashed material were measured: the total mass, the mass of the solid phase, and the mass of the liquid phase. Additionally, the distribution and proportions (soil/water) of the splashed material were analysed in both the upslope and downslope directions. It was found that: (i) the change of slope had a variable influence on the measured quantities for different soils; (ii) in the case of moistened samples, the measured values were mainly influenced by the texture, while in the dry samples, by the angle of the slope; (iii) with the increase of slope, the splashed material was mostly ejected in the downslope direction (irrespective of moisture conditions); (iv) in the moistened samples, the ejected material consisted mostly of water, while in the dry samples it was soil—this occurred for material ejected both upslope and downslope. The obtained results are important for improving the physical description of the process of splash erosion. A more thorough understanding and better recognition of the mechanisms governing this phenomenon at all stages could contribute to the development of more effective methods for protecting soil against erosion.

Characterization and modelling of air humidification in Fuel Cell System for transport sector

A model for the physical description of water transport through steady-state permeation and dynamic sorption within perfluoro-sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes has been developed. A broad experimental campaign is conducted on several membranes, belonging to Aquivion class, varying both in thickness and equivalent weight (EW). The experimental data have been used to calibrate and validate water transport model and to find correlations for mass-transfer properties in low-EW PFSA membranes that describe consistently both water vapor permeation and sorption. It has been possible to identify individual contributions to mass transport resistance and to determine the optimal configuration and materials of a full-scale counter-flow membrane humidifier under a set of specific operating conditions.

The Roles of Attitude in The Storyline of Beauty and The Beast (2017) Movie (Systemic Functional Linguistics Approach)

<p>This research is about analyzing the attitude used by the script writer in Beauty and The Beast (2017) movie. It is aimed to find the roles of attitude in giving the characterizations in the movie and the roles of attitude in building the narrative text in the movie using systemic functional linguistics approach.</p><p>This research is a descriptive qualitative research, implementing descriptive comparative method with discourse analysis. The source of the data is the utterances from the characters. Primary data were also collected applied genre relation, characterization theory and systemic functional linguistics, especially appraisal theory. In analyzing the data applied Miles &amp; Hubberman’ s (1992) interactive model with Spradley’s (1980) ethnographic steps which include domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural context analysis.</p><span>The results of this research show the findings: (1) attitude takes roles in giving direct and indirect characterizations in the form of physical description, action, emotional and physical reaction, thought, speech, (2) In building the narrative text, affect takes roles to express the characters’ emotional feeling, judgement is used to describe and evaluate the characters’ behavior, and appreciation is used to describe the character’s physical appearance, the setting of place of the story and to give an abstract valuation. </span>

Properties of the Environment of Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies CL 0024+1654 and RX J0152.7−1357

We report the results of combined analyses of X-ray and optical data of two galaxy clusters, CL 0024+1654 and RX J0152.7−1357 at redshift z = 0.395 and z = 0.830, respectively, offering a holistic physical description of the two clusters. Our X-ray analysis yielded temperature and density profiles of the gas in the intra-cluster medium (ICM). Using optical photometric and spectroscopic data, complemented with mass distribution from a gravitational lensing study, we investigated any possible correlation between the physical properties of the galaxy members, i.e. their color, morphology, and star formation rate (SFR), and their environments. We quantified the properties of the environment around each galaxy by galaxy number density, ICM temperature, and mass density. Although our results show that the two clusters exhibit a weaker correlation compared to relaxed clusters, it still confirms the significant effect of the ICM on the SFR in the galaxies. The close relation between the physical properties of galaxies and the condition of their immediate environment found in this work indicates the locality of galaxy evolution, even within a larger bound system such as a cluster. Various physical mechanisms are suggested to explain the relation between the properties of galaxies and their environment.

THE TECHNOLOGY OF WINTER CONCRETING OF MONOLITHIC FRAME STRUCTURES WITH SUBSTANTIATION OF HEAT TREATMENT MODES BY SOLUTIONS OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OBTAINED BY THE METHOD OF GROUP ANALYSIS

An innovative method for calculating thermal fields inside monolithic structures has been developed, based on the use and analysis of nonlinear differential equations. The innovativeness of the method lies in the approach to the analysis of nonlinear physical processes using nonlinear differential equations. Thanks to the method of group analysis, 13 expressions are obtained from complex mathematical equations, which are easy to use and depend on several empirical coefficients. It is assumed that this calculation method is a priori more accurate than the existing ones, as well as available to people at a construction site without higher mathematical education, which makes it a priority for research. The applicability of this method must be proven by linking empirical coefficients and variables to the conditions of the experiments, while obtaining reliable data that will turn out to be more accurate than the existing calculation methods. This article demonstrates a systematic approach to establishing the suitability of using the method of group analysis of differential equations for problems of winter concreting on the basis of laboratory experiments under stationary conditions. The equations were subject to verification, which, according to the physical description, correspond to the real conditions of the course of thermal processes inside monolithic structures. Based on the obtained processing results, it was decided that it was necessary to further study the innovative method in the conditions of the construction site, but only for some expressions that showed the best results at the stage of laboratory tests.

Therapeutic possibilities of Bothrops jararaca in high dilution

Introduction: The knowledge and use of the venom of Bothrops jararaca in high dilutions is still quite limited. One of the important properties is the use of one of its components, bradykinin, for the development of antihypertensive medication known as captopril. Other situations, such as clinical, local and systemic should receive more depth to the composition of Materia Medica related to various medical actions on the man and mammals in general. The systemic action of the bite of this snake, includes hemostasis disorders, culminating as bleeding gums, in addition to sweating, hypertension, and hypothermia. The action includes local pain and swelling with bruising, bleeding and often blistering and tissue necrosis. The action on the immune system, through action on the complement C3 and other complement components may show its possible use in cases of bacterial infections, including mycobacteria, as presented in the study of 1970 Vanessa Birdsey, "Interactions of poisons toxic with the addition, "the journal of Immunology 1971. Today, this poison has a toxicology published by Anibal Melgarejo, "Venomous Animals of Brazil", 2003, which subsidizes the development of study for its use in high dilutions, and a comprehensive study of the biology of the animal itself. Published studies on biomolecular analysis add more details about the relations of the poison and mammals. All these characteristics suggest the use of poison as a homeopathic remedy. Objective: To investigate the therapeutic possibilities in high dilutions of the venom of the snake Bothrops jararaca, expanding its clinical use. Methodology: Methodological description of this poison in contemporary bases including: Origin, physical description chemistry, toxicology, pharmacology and medicine in preparation of high dilution, general action, specific actions on systems or organs, sensations, modalities, concomitants, etiological indications relations main clinics. Results: Defining the therapeutic indications such as modulation of the complement system, action on the cardiovascular system, among other uses, by Bothrops jararaca in high dilution. Conclusion: This evaluation can be used for different sources of products and allows the rational use of Bothrops jararaca in high dilution. The results can and should be complemented by clinical studies and pathogenetic. Bacterial infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and leprosy, and autoimmune disease LES and may receive treatment studies with the drug based on Bothrops jararaca snake venom because they are indirectly associated with them via similarity of the failure of complement, an important marker for bacterial the defense of mammals. Action on clinical aspects like hypertension, sweating, hypothermia and necrosis shall be seen. Perhaps the search for the stimulation of complement show a new pathway for the harmonization, long-predicted by Hahnemann, Hering and searched for among the many that followed the creator of this therapy.

FEM Analysis of Piezoelectric Resonator Polarization Process

The polarization of the piezoelectric resonator depends on the direction of the applied electric field. The direction of the applied electric field is determined by the shape of the resonator and the position of the electrodes. In case of resonators with electrodes incompletely covering their bases, an inhomogeneous electric field is generated, which results in an inhomogeneous polarization of the resonator. The resonator will be polarized in some places either in a direction other than the desired one or not polarized at all. The aim of this work is to analyze the polarization process on resonators with electrodes incompletely covering their bases. The physical description is given by the linear piezoelectric equations, the Gaussian equation for the description of the electric field and by Newton’s law of force. On this basis, a FEM model is developed and used to analyze the polarization process. The results of the calculation of the electric field vector distribution are presented. Finally, the areas are identified in which polarization in the desired direction is achieved in the resonator as well as the ones where no polarization occurs.

»Was sich der Wald erzählt« von Gustav zu Putlitz

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Im Jahr 1866 veröffentlicht Theodor Storm im Verlag Gebrüder Paetel in Berlin seinen Band Drei Märchen. Dieser erfährt von seinen sonst mehr als eifrigen Rezensenten so wenig Beachtung, dass Storm am 2. Februar 1873 in einem Brief an die Verleger zur geplanten Neuauflage des Bandes klagt: »Bei der Antipathie des Publicums gegen das Wort ›Märchen‹ – die Leute wittern dann gleich wirkliche, pure Poësie, wovor sie eine unglaubliche Angst haben –, hätte das Buch einen anderen Titel haben sollen« (Berbig 2006, S. 52). Die geplante Titeländerung setzt Storm dann auch konsequent um und wiederholt die Klage über den schlechten Ruf des Märchens auch im Vorwort des von ihm programmatisch umgetauften Märchenbandes, der jetzt Geschichten aus der Tonne heißt (vgl. Conrad 2018). Gustav zu Putlitz’s What Was Said in the WoodsOn ›Precarious Literature‹ and ›Precarious Knowledge‹ in Children’s Literature around the 1850s This article focusses on the collection of fairy tales Was sich der Wald erzählt. Ein Märchenstrauß (1850) [What Was Said in the Woods (1851)] by Gustav zu Putlitz, reading it as an exemplary text for a corpus of forgotten children’s literature of the nineteenth century. Towards the end of that century, a popular ›cosmos literature‹ emerged, initially in the form of interpretations of Alexander von Humboldt’s Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe (1845 – 1862), later as prose which propagated a form of (popular) science which deviated completely from the modern understanding of science. This specific subset of noncanonised texts can be conceived as ›precarious literature,‹ based on Martin Mulsow’s concept of ›precarious knowledge.‹ This article presents the preliminary findings of a research project that aims to systematise, as ›precarious literature,‹ texts of nineteenth century children’s literature which were then highly regarded, influential and widely read but are today largely forgotten. The reason postulated is that this literature contains knowledge which was, at that time, ›precarious.‹ The research project endeavours to understand precarious literature as a noncanonical sociocultural space in which controversial fields of knowledge and their dynamics are coded, still waiting to be unlocked.