Out of Xanthopygus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): escape from polyphyly

Xanthopygus as currently defined is the largest genus in the subtribe Xanthopygina (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae) with 40 described species. However, the genus is poorly defined, morphologically heterogeneous and previous studies have questioned whether it is a natural group. A morphological (51 characters) Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed to test whether Xanthopygus is a monophyletic group. The analysis indicated that Xanthopygus was polyphyletic, and therefore species were split into four different genera. Xanthopygus nigricornis Scheerpeltz was transferred to Oligotergus as Oligotergus nigricorniscomb. nov. and Xanthopygus skalitzkyi (Bernhauer) was transferred to Styngetus as Styngetus skalitzkyicomb. nov. A new genus, Photinopygusgen. nov. was erected to accommodate the majority of the species previously in Xanthopygus and Xanthopygus sensu novo is used in a new restricted sense to accommodate the remaining species. Diagnostic features are provided to distinguish species in the genera Photinopygus and Xanthopygus from each other and all other Xanthopygina genera.

Narrate It Until You Become It

Research in phenomenology and philosophy of psychiatry has suggested that psychopathological disturbances of experience often involve an alteration of one's ‘sense of possibility’, dependent upon the presence of specific ‘existential feelings’ (Ratcliffe 2012). In this paper I provide an extended account of how the engagement with certain narratives can lead to a transformation of one's sense of possibility by eliciting affective experiences that are not consonant with the person's existential feelings. More precisely, I claim that, even when the experience of some types of emotion is generally precluded by a restricted sense of possibility, such emotions may be aroused by particular self-narratives, and I explore how this dynamic can give rise to enduring and wide-ranging affective changes.

Refining the Assessment of Entitlement in Romantic Relationships: The Sense of Relational Entitlement Scale—Revised (SRE-R)

Objective: A subjective sense of entitlement is strongly evoked in the context of romantic relationships. A pathological sense of entitlement results from believing a partner should fulfill all one’s needs and wishes (inflated) or that the expression of genuine needs is illegitimate (restricted). This study aimed to validate a revised, improved version of the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale entitled the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale—Revised (SRE-R). We hypothesized it would have good factor structure and convergent validity, and that attachment dimensions and relationship indices would predict both inflated and restricted subscales.Method: The SRE-R was completed by 854 Israeli adults (8.3% males) aged 31.94 ± 8.02. A subset (n = 629) also completed measures of attachment (ECR-S) and 447 completed measures of relational authenticity, pathological concern, and relational obsessions and compulsions.Results: CFA confirmed two factors, inflated and restricted sense of relational entitlement. Relational obsessive-compulsive symptoms and pathological concern predicted an inflated sense of entitlement, and attachment avoidance, pathological concern, and authenticity in relationships predicted a restricted sense of entitlement.Discussion: The SRE-R is a valid and useful tool to assess sense of entitlement in romantic relationships and should be examined in diverse samples and cultures.

Banned and Branded: The Mesopotamian Background of Šamata

The verb √šmt and noun šamata, attested in the dialects of Eastern Aramaic in the Sasanian period, would seem at first to be synonymous with the Palestinian term nidui, ‘excommunication’. However, a closer examination reveals that šamata has a different semantic value. It is not simply conceived as a social sanction of excommunication but is understood as a curse involving divine violence; is closely associated with binding; and is often perceived as the property of powerful agents. In this article I argue that √šmt is derived from the Akkadian šamātu, ‘to mark’, ‘to brand’, especially in its more restricted sense ‘to brand temple slaves’ and ‘to dedicate a person to a deity’. Understanding the Mesopotamian roots of šamata might help us better explain its unique regional features, shared by the Aramaic speaking groups in the Sasanian Empire.

Identificação Arbórea e uma Nova Proposta de Classificação das Subformas do Bioma Cerrado: Estudo de Caso do Município de São Francisco, Minas Gerais.

Este trabalho versa acerca do bioma Cerrado e de suas diversas fitofisionomias divisíveis, uma grande polêmica ainda presente neste tipo de Savana. O objetivo desta pesquisa, localizado em São Francisco, Norte de Minas Gerais, é listar e verificar as diversas espécies (ou famílias) arbóreas presentes nas fisionomias vegetacionais ali presentes, contribuindo assim para sua identificação. Como resultados apresentam-se formações florestais, savânicas e campestres, que podem ser dividas em 11 subformas: Mata Ciliar, Mata de Galeria, Mata Seca ou Floresta Estacional Decidual, Cerradão, Cerrado sentido restrito, Parque Cerrado, Palmeiral, Vereda, Campo Sujo, Campo Limpo e Campo Rupestre. Além da descrição física, observaram-se as principais espécies arbóreas ali presentes, com destaque para o Cerrado sentido restrito, com 33 espécies lenhosas descritas. Como conclusão é possível observar que as fitoformas Floresta de Galeria, Palmeiral e Parque Cerrado não parecem ter tantas espécies arbóreas diferenciadas capazes de serem denominadas como subtipos deste bioma, a primeira poderia estar junto com a Mata Ciliar, a segunda nas Veredas e a terceira junto ao Cerrado sentido restrito, sendo sugerido mais estudos que comprovem esta hipótese aqui colocada de uma nova proposta de classificação das subformas do bioma Cerrado diferente daquela proposta por Ribeiro e Walter (1998). Tree Identification and a New Classification Proposal for the Substrings of the Cerrado Biome: Case Study of the Municipality of São Francisco, Minas Gerais A B S T R A C TThe classification of the Cerrado biome and its various divisible phytophysiognomies is still a major controversy among scholars on the subject, therefore, the objective of this research, located in São Francisco, North of Minas Gerais, is to list and verify the various species (or tree families present in the region's vegetation physiognomies, thus contributing to their identification. As results, forest, savanna and countryside formations are presented, which, according to Ribeiro and Walter (1998), can be divided into eleven subforms: Mata Ciliar, Mata de Galeria, Mata Seca or Decidual Seasonal Forest, Cerradão, Cerrado sense restricted, Park Cerrado, Palm, Vereda, Campo Sujo, Campo Limpo and Campo Rupestre. In addition to the physical description, the main tree species present there were observed, with emphasis on the Cerrado restricted sense, with 33 woody species described. As a conclusion, it is possible to observe that the phytoforms Floresta de Galeria, Palmeiral and Parque Cerrado do not seem to have so many different tree species capable of being called as subtypes of this biome, therefore, we propose a new classification for the Cerrado subforms, with the Galeria Forest being placed together with the Mata Ciliar, the Palm together with the Veredas and the Parque Cerrado together with the Cerrado in a restricted sense, thus being no more eleven subforms, but only eight. Further studies are suggested to prove the hypothesis presented here of a new proposal for the classification of subforms of the Cerrado biome different from the classic proposal.Keywords: biogeography, forest identification, agrarian and environmental Geosciences.

Produção e qualidade de mudas de Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul sob substratos e bioestimulador

<p class="Default">The aim of this work is to evaluate the chemical attributes of substrate, emergence, survival and quality of Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata (Benth.) Altschul (angico-do-cerrado) seedlings in different substrates and with or without biostimulator of soil microbiota. We evaluated three types of substrates – ‘Cerrado’ soil (restricted sense), commercial Tropstrato® substrate and native forest soil (‘Cerradão’) – with or without biostimulator application, arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme, in randomized blocks, with four repetitions. Seedling emergence was low (38.05%), but the highest survival occurred with application of biostimulator (81.01%) and commercial substrate (87.61%). The highest height (8.60 cm), number of leaves (13.00/plant), stem diameter (1.86 mm) and leaf area (43.44 cm2/plant) of seedlings as well as highest dry masses, occurred in the native forest soil, the dry masses were also favored with the application of biostimulator. Results indicated that native forest substrate and biostimulator application provides greater growth and quality of ‘angico-docerrado’ seedlings.</p>

The Cognitive Philosophy of Reflection

Hilary Kornblith argues that many traditional philosophical accounts involve problematic views of reflection (understood as second-order mental states). According to Kornblith, reflection does not add reliability, which makes it unfit to underlie a separate form of knowledge. We show that a broader understanding of reflection, encompassing Type 2 processes, working memory, and episodic long-term memory, can provide philosophy with elucidating input that a restricted view misses. We further argue that reflection in fact often does add reliability, through generalizability, flexibility, and creativity that is helpful in newly encountered situations, even if the restricted sense of both reflection and knowledge is accepted. And so, a division of knowledge into one reflexive (animal) form and one reflective form remains a plausible, and possibly fruitful, option.

Theatricality and Drifting in the Anthropocene

This essay proposes a new way of reading the Situationist notion of dérive (drift) in the Anthropocene by thinking of it as an operation that is geological in impetus, a sense of movement caused by an agentic earth. Equally, it looks to offer an alternative and expanded theory of theatricality in which the theatrical is no longer associated with theatre per se. On the contrary, it is now seen as a mode of representation that deterritorializes spectators by placing them in the midst of groundless flows and anonymous processes. In the same way that the earth in the Anthropocene is figured as a dynamic and unstable planet, so drifting and theatricality, when brought together, radicalise our extant understandings of the stage by allowing it to become motile, a terrestrial force. Here, the ecological potential of theatre is not found in staging plays about climate change or insisting on site-specificity, but in thinking through the geological power of theatricality, its capacity to exist as a type of plate tectonics. Such an expanded understanding of theatricality explains why instead of paying attention to a specific theatre production or even to the medium of theatre in a restricted sense, I examine how, in their 1958 text and image collaboration Mémoires, the Danish artist Asger Jorn and his friend Guy Debord were able to transform the page into a stage – to theatricalize and geologize reading. In an attempt, simultaneously, to expand and undo itself, the article is not content to conceptualize its argument, it looks to theatricalize itself, to become a kind of drift, a geology of writing.

The Qur’an and the Arabic Medieval Literary Tradition

The influence of the Qur’an on all aspects of medieval Islamic culture, including the Arabic literary tradition, is immeasurable. That its language is Arabic and that it was considered God’s literal speech caused the spread and development of the Arabic language and its literature. Even when ‘literature’ is taken in its restricted sense of texts aiming to delight, to move, and to entertain, one hardly finds any work that does not quote or allude to the holy text. As a genre the Qur’an is sui generis and imitation of its form and style is considered impossible (according to the doctrine of the inimitability of the Qur’an) and even blasphemous. Qur’anic ideas and idioms, however, have imbued even thoroughly secular works.