Sound Shell Model for Acoustic Gravitational Wave Production at a First-Order Phase Transition in the Early Universe

Abstract We consider a simple extension of Standard Model by adding two complex singlet scalars with a U(1) symmetry. A discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$ Z 2 × Z 2 ′ symmetry is imposed in the model and the added scalars acquire a non zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) when the imposed symmetry is broken spontaneously. The real (CP even) parts of the complex scalars mix with the SM Higgs and give three physical mass eigenstates. One of these physical mass eigenstates is attributed to the SM like Higgs boson with mass 125.09 GeV. In the present scenario, domain walls are formed in the early Universe due to the breaking of discrete $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2\times {\mathcal{Z}}_2^{\prime } $$ Z 2 × Z 2 ′ symmetry. In order to ensure the unstability of the domain wall this discrete symmetry is also explicitly broken by adding a bias potential to the Lagrangian. The unstable annihilating domain walls produce a significant amount of gravitational waves (GWs). In addition, we also explore the possibility of the production of GW emission from the strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the intensities and frequencies of each of such gravitational waves originating from two different phenomena of the early Universe namely annihilating domain walls and strong first-order phase transition. Finally, we investigate the observational signatures from these GWs at the future GW detectors such as ALIA, BBO, DECIGO, LISA, TianQin, Taiji, aLIGO, aLIGO+ and pulsar timing arrays such as SKA, IPTA, EPTA, PPTA, NANOGrav11 and NANOGrav12.5.

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Exit from inflation with a first-order phase transition and a gravitational wave blast

Physics Letters B ◽

10.1016/j.physletb.2015.06.022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 747 ◽

pp. 446-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amjad Ashoorioon

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order Phase

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Dark confinement and chiral phase transitions: gravitational waves vs matter representations

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep01(2022)003 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Manuel Reichert ◽

Francesco Sannino ◽

Zhi-Wei Wang ◽

Chen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Phase Transitions ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

Coupled Models ◽

Chiral Phase ◽

Strongly Coupled ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

First Order Phase

Abstract We study the gravitational-wave signal stemming from strongly coupled models featuring both, dark chiral and confinement phase transitions. We therefore identify strongly coupled theories that can feature a first-order phase transition. Employing the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we focus our attention on SU(3) Yang-Mills theories featuring fermions in fundamental, adjoint, and two-index symmetric representations. We discover that for the gravitational-wave signals analysis, there are significant differences between the various representations. Interestingly we also observe that the two-index symmetric representation leads to the strongest first-order phase transition and therefore to a higher chance of being detected by the Big Bang Observer experiment. Our study of the confinement and chiral phase transitions is further applicable to extensions of the Standard Model featuring composite dynamics.

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Scale-genesis — Origin of gravitational waves

International Journal of Modern Physics A ◽

10.1142/s0217751x18440190 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (31) ◽

pp. 1844019

Author(s):

Jisuke Kubo

Keyword(s):

Phase Transition ◽

Standard Model ◽

Gravitational Wave ◽

Order Phase Transition ◽

Energy Scale ◽

Background Spectrum ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Phase Transition ◽

The Standard Model ◽

First Order Phase

We consider two realistic models for a scale invariant extension of the standard model, which couples with a hidden non-Abelian gauge sector. At energies around TeV, the hidden sector becomes strongly interacting, thereby generating a robust energy scale, which is transferred to the standard model sector, triggering the electroweak symmetry breaking. At a finite temperature, i.e. in the early Universe, the generation of the robust energy scale appears as a strong first-order phase transition. We calculate the gravitational wave background spectrum for both models, which is produced by the first-order phase transition. We compare the results with the experimental sensitivity of LISA and DECIGO and find the gravitational wave signal may be detected at DECIGO.

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