Background estimation using a robust Bayesian analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. F. David ◽  
D. S. Sivia
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Gaussian Approximation ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Background Estimation ◽  
Robust Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Counting Statistics

A novel method for the estimation of the background in a powder diffraction pattern has been developed using a robust Bayesian analysis. In formulating a probabilistic approach to background fitting, the diffraction peaks are considered to be nuisance data that must be taken into account. The underlying probability theory is discussed in terms of going beyond the Gaussian approximation normally associated with counting statistics and least-squares analysis. Various examples are presented that illustrate the general applicability of this approach.

Robust Bayesian analysis given priors on partition sets

Test ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Carota ◽  
Fabrizio Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Robust Bayesian Analysis

Bayesian and Robust Bayesian analysis under a general class of balanced loss functions

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jafari Jozani ◽  
Éric Marchand ◽  
Ahmad Parsian
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
General Class ◽  
Loss Functions ◽  
Robust Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Balanced Loss Functions

A Bayesian Approach to the Stereo Correspondence Problem

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1371-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny C. A. Read
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Correspondence Problem ◽  
Stereo Correspondence ◽  
Retinal Position ◽  
Single Solution ◽  
Ill Posed ◽  
The Right ◽  
Limiting Case

I present a probabilistic approach to the stereo correspondence problem. Rather than trying to find a single solution in which each point in the left retina is assigned a partner in the right retina, all possible matches are considered simultaneously and assigned a probability of being correct. This approach is particularly suitable for stimuli where it is inappropriate to seek a unique partner for each retinal position—for instance, where objects occlude each other, as in Panum's limiting case. The probability assigned to each match is based on a Bayesian analysis previously developed to explain psychophysical data (Read, 2002). This provides a convenient way to incorporate constraints that enable the ill-posed correspondence problem to be solved. The resulting model behaves plausibly for a variety of different stimuli.

Computing Bonus–Malus Premiums under Partial Prior Information

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gómez-Déniz ◽  
L. Bermúdez ◽  
I. Morillo
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Robust Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTThe use of classical bonus–malus systems entails very high maluses and other problems which, during recent years, have been criticised by actuaries. To avoid these problems, new bonus–malus models have been developed. For instance, it is well known that the use of an exponential loss function reduces the differences between overcharges and undercharges, solving the problem of high maluses. In order to measure the sensitivity of the exponential bonus–malus system, and according to robust Bayesian analysis, we first model the structure function by specifying a subclass of the generalised moments class. We then examine the range of relativities for each prior. Finally, we illustrate our method with a numerical example based on real data.

Physical Phenomena Leading to Melting of Metals

2017 ◽  
Vol 884 ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Montanari ◽  
Alessandra Varone
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanical Spectroscopy ◽  
Sharp Drop ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Pure Metals ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Specific Metal

Precursor phenomena of melting in pure metals and alloys have been investigated by means of Mechanical Spectroscopy (MS) and High Temperature X-ray Diffraction (HT-XRD). The examined materials were the pure metals In, Sn, Pb and Bi, and some alloys of the systems In-Sn and Pb-Bi with different compositions.MS tests have been carried out by means of a novel method developed by us that permits to operate in resonance conditions and employs hollow reeds of stainless steel containing the liquid metal. In all the metals a sharp drop of dynamic modulus and a Q-1 maximum were observed in a temperature range ΔT before melting that depends on the specific metal and its structure. Such anelastic behaviour is consistent with an increase of the interstitialcies concentration as predicted by the Granato’s theory.Moreover, HT-XRD evidenced that sudden grain re-orientation, shift and broadening of diffraction peaks occur just before the formation of the first liquid, therefore self-interstitials and vacancies seem to play a synergic role in melting. The increase of self-interstitials over ΔT has the effect of weakening interatomic bonds that favours the successive vacancy avalanche leading to the collapse of crystal lattice (melting).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document