scholarly journals A new concept for sapphire single-crystal cells to study solid–gas reactions via real-time in situ neutron scattering

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (a2) ◽  
pp. e680-e680
Author(s):  
Raphael Finger ◽  
Holger Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sapphire Single Crystal ◽  
Gas Reactions ◽  
Crystal Cells

scholarly journals Vortex fluidic mediated encapsulation of functional fish oil featuring in situ probed small angle neutron scattering

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan He ◽  
Nikita Joseph ◽  
Marzieh Mirzamani ◽  
Scott J. Pye ◽  
Ahmed Hussein Mohammed Al-anataki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract Major challenges for optimizing the benefits of fish oil on human health are improved bioavailability while overcoming the strong odor and avoiding significant oxidation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The scalable continuous flow thin film vortex fluidic device (VFD) improves the Tween 20 encapsulation of fish oil relative to conventional homogenization processing, with the fish oil particles significantly smaller and the content of the valuable omega-3 fatty acids higher. In addition, after 14 days storage the remaining omega-3 fatty acids content was higher, from ca 31.0% for raw fish oil to ca 62.0% of freeze-dried encapsulated fish oil. The VFD mediated encapsulated fish oil was used to enrich the omega-3 fatty acid content of apple juice, as a model water-based food product, without changing its sensory values. The versatility of the VFD was further demonstrated in forming homogenous suspensions of fish oil containing water-insoluble bioactive molecules, curcumin and quercetin. We have also captured, for the first time, real-time structural changes in nanoencapsulation by installing a VFD with in in situ small angle neutron scattering. Real-time measurements afford valuable insights about self-assembly in solution.

In Situ Imaging of High Cycle Fatigue Crack Growth in Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloys by Synchrotron X-Radiation

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Liu ◽  
Naji S. Husseini ◽  
Christopher J. Torbet ◽  
Divine P. Kumah ◽  
Roy Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloys ◽  
Nickel Base

A novel X-ray synchrotron radiation approach is described for real-time imaging of the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks during ultrasonic fatigue (f=20kHz). We report here on new insights on single crystal nickel-base superalloys gained with this approach. A portable ultrasonic fatigue instrument has been designed that can be installed at a high-brilliance X-ray beamline. With a load line and fatigue specimen configuration, this instrument produces stable fatigue crack propagation for specimens as thin as 150μm. The in situ cyclic loading/imaging system has been used initially to image real-time crystallographic fatigue and crack growth under positive mean axial stress in the turbine blade alloy CMSX-4.

scholarly journals Design and use of a sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cell for in situ neutron powder diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Finger ◽  
Nadine Kurtzemann ◽  
Thomas C. Hansen ◽  
Holger Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Sample Holder ◽  
Pressure Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Deuterium ◽  
Sapphire Single Crystal ◽  
Deuterium Gas

A sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cell without external support allowing unobstructed optical access by neutrons has been developed and optimized for elastic in situ neutron powder diffraction using hydrogen (deuterium) gas at the high-intensity two-axis diffractometer D20 at the Institut Laue-Langevin (Grenoble, France). Given a proper orientation of the single-crystal sample holder with respect to the detector, parasitic reflections from the sample holder can be avoided and the background can be kept low. Hydrogen (deuterium) gas pressures of up to 16.0 MPa at 298 K and 8.0 MPa at 655 K were tested successfully for a wall thickness of 3 mm. Heating was achieved by a two-sided laser heating system. The typical time resolution of in situ investigations of the reaction pathway of hydrogen (deuterium) uptake or release is on the order of 1 min. Detailed descriptions of all parts of the sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cell are given, including materials information, technical drawings and instructions for use.

scholarly journals A double-walled sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cell (type III) for in situ neutron diffraction

2022 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Finger ◽  
Thomas C. Hansen ◽  
Holger Kohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Elastic Neutron ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pressure Cell ◽  
Sapphire Single Crystal

In situ neutron diffraction is an important characterization technique for the investigation of many functional materials, e.g. for hydrogen uptake and release in hydrogen storage materials. A new sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cell for elastic neutron scattering has been developed and evaluated; it allows conditions of 298 K and 9.5 MPa hydrogen pressure and 1110 K at ambient pressure. The pressure vessel consists of a sapphire single-crystal tube of 35 mm radius and a sapphire single-crystal crucible as sample holder. Heating is realized by two 100 W diode lasers. It is optimized for the D20 diffractometer, ILL, Grenoble, France, and requires the use of a radial oscillating collimator. Its advantages over earlier sapphire single-crystal gas-pressure cells are higher maximum temperatures and lower background at low and high diffraction angles. The deuterium uptake in palladium was followed in situ for validation, proving the potential of the type-III gas-pressure cell for in situ neutron diffraction on solid–gas reactions.

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