Vortex fluidic mediated encapsulation of functional fish oil featuring in situ probed small angle neutron scattering

Abstract Major challenges for optimizing the benefits of fish oil on human health are improved bioavailability while overcoming the strong odor and avoiding significant oxidation of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The scalable continuous flow thin film vortex fluidic device (VFD) improves the Tween 20 encapsulation of fish oil relative to conventional homogenization processing, with the fish oil particles significantly smaller and the content of the valuable omega-3 fatty acids higher. In addition, after 14 days storage the remaining omega-3 fatty acids content was higher, from ca 31.0% for raw fish oil to ca 62.0% of freeze-dried encapsulated fish oil. The VFD mediated encapsulated fish oil was used to enrich the omega-3 fatty acid content of apple juice, as a model water-based food product, without changing its sensory values. The versatility of the VFD was further demonstrated in forming homogenous suspensions of fish oil containing water-insoluble bioactive molecules, curcumin and quercetin. We have also captured, for the first time, real-time structural changes in nanoencapsulation by installing a VFD with in in situ small angle neutron scattering. Real-time measurements afford valuable insights about self-assembly in solution.

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In situ and real-time small-angle neutron scattering studies of living anionic polymerization process and polymerization-induced self-assembly of block copolymers

Physica B Condensed Matter ◽

10.1016/j.physb.2006.06.049 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 385-386 ◽

pp. 742-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

H. Tanaka ◽

K. Yamauchi ◽

H. Hasegawa ◽

N. Miyamoto ◽

S. Koizumi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Copolymers ◽

Neutron Scattering ◽

Real Time ◽

Small Angle ◽

Anionic Polymerization ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Living Anionic Polymerization

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Small-Angle Neutron Scattering-Real-Time & In situ Observation Method-

Kobunshi ◽

10.1295/kobunshi.55.161 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 161-164

Author(s):

Satoshi KOIZUMI

Keyword(s):

Neutron Scattering ◽

Real Time ◽

Small Angle ◽

Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽

In Situ Observation ◽

Observation Method

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Fish oil plus wheat germ oil have no prominent effect on homocysteine levels and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000604 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Hadeer Zakaria ◽

Tarek M. Mostafa ◽

Gamal A. El-Azab ◽

Nagy AH Sayed-Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Wheat Germ ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Nutritional Indices ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Wheat Germ Oil ◽

Serum Homocysteine

Abstract. Background: Elevated homocysteine levels and malnutrition are frequently detected in hemodialysis patients and are believed to exacerbate cardiovascular comorbidities. Omega-3 fatty acids have been postulated to lower homocysteine levels by up-regulating metabolic enzymes and improving substrate availability for homocysteine degradation. Additionally, it has been suggested that prevention of folate depletion by vitamin E consumption decreases homocysteine levels. However, data on the effect of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E on homocysteine levels and nutritional status have been inconclusive. Therefore, this study was planned to examine the effect of combined supplementation of fish oil, as a source of omega-3 fatty acids, with wheat germ oil, as a source of vitamin E, on homocysteine and nutritional indices in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Forty-six hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to two equally-sized groups; a supplemented group who received 3000 mg/day of fish oil [1053 mg omega-3 fatty acids] plus 300 mg/day of wheat germ oil [0.765 mg vitamin E], and a matched placebo group who received placebo capsules for 4 months. Serum homocysteine and different nutritional indices were measured before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty patients in each group completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant changes in homocysteine levels and in the nutritional indices neither in the supplemented nor in the placebo-control groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Fish oil and wheat germ oil combination did not produce significant effects on serum homocysteine levels and nutritional indices of hemodialysis patients.

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Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Fish Oil from Whole Fish and by-Products of Baltic Herring (Clupea harengus membras)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081811 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1811

Author(s):

Ella Aitta ◽

Alexis Marsol-Vall ◽

Annelie Damerau ◽

Baoru Yang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Proteolytic Enzymes ◽

Clupea Harengus ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Baltic Herring ◽

By Products

Baltic herring (Clupea harengus membras) is one of the most abundant commercially caught fish species from the Baltic Sea. Despite the high content of fat and omega-3 fatty acids, the consumption of Baltic herring has decreased dramatically over the last four decades, mostly due to the small sizes and difficulty in processing. At the same time there is an increasing global demand for fish and fish oil rich in omega-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to investigate enzyme-assisted oil extraction as an environmentally friendly process for valorizing the underutilized fish species and by-products to high quality fish oil for human consumption. Three different commercially available proteolytic enzymes (Alcalase®, Neutrase® and Protamex®) and two treatment times (35 and 70 min) were investigated in the extraction of fish oil from whole fish and by-products from filleting of Baltic herring. The oil quality and stability were studied with peroxide- and p-anisidine value analyses, fatty acid analysis with GC-FID, and volatile compounds with HS-SPME-GC-MS. Overall, longer extraction times led to better oil yields but also increased oxidation of the oil. For whole fish, the highest oil yields were from the 70-min extractions with Neutrase and Protamex. Protamex extraction with 35 min resulted in the best fatty acid composition with the highest content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) but also increased oxidation compared to treatment with other enzymes. For by-products, the highest oil yield was obtained from the 70-min extraction with Protamex without significant differences in EPA and DHA contents among the oils extracted with different enzymes. Oxidation was lowest in the oil produced with 35-min treatment using Neutrase and Protamex. This study showed the potential of using proteolytic enzymes in the extraction of crude oil from Baltic herring and its by-products. However, further research is needed to optimize enzymatic processing of Baltic herring and its by-products to improve yield and quality of crude oil.

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Cardioprotective effects of omega 3 fatty acids from fish oil and it enhances autoimmunity in porcine cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis in the rat model

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2021-0057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ling-Yan Li ◽

Xu Wang ◽

Ting-Chuan Zhang ◽

Zong-Jun Liu ◽

Jun-Qing Gao

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Myosin ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Autoimmune Myocarditis ◽

Tuna Fish ◽

Fame Analysis ◽

Total Fatty Acids

Abstract This experiment proposed to investigate the efficiency of omega 3 fatty acids from fish that improves autoimmune against myocarditis in the rat. Fish oil was extracted from fresh Tuna fish and performed FAME analysis and mice bioassay. The autoimmune myocarditis was induced by subcutaneous injection of porcine cardiac myosin (PCM) into the footpads of rats on the first and seventh day. Rats were dissected on the 21st day to analyze the histopathological, hemodynamic, echocardiographic factors, and immunohistochemistry expressions. In the study, 73.90% of total fatty acids were recorded. Histological analysis revealed that omega 3 fatty acids administrated groups showed tremendous development in the multifocal myocardia hyaline degeneration and necrosis with inflammatory changes. Moreover, omega 3 fatty acids inhabited the expressions of inflammatory cells (CD4, CD8 and CD11b) and suppressed the level of NF-κB. The echocardiographic factors such as heartbeat, SBP, DBP, levels of LVDs, LVDd, LVPW percentage of LVFS, EF, expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, IFN-ɤ, IL-2, and IL-6) also significantly suppressed by omega 3 fatty acids. Hence, the present study proved that consuming fatty acid-enriched fish might be a successful therapy for improving the inflammatory profile, regenerates the heart tissues, and controlled the production of inflammatory cells.

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Fish oil and omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease: do they really work?

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehr362 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 436-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 124

Author(s):

D. Kromhout ◽

S. Yasuda ◽

J. M. Geleijnse ◽

H. Shimokawa

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3

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Omega-3 Levels and Nicotine Dependence: A Cross-Sectional Study and Clinical Trial

European Addiction Research ◽

10.1159/000439525 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 153-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Juçara X. Zaparoli ◽

Eduardo K. Sugawara ◽

Altay A.L. de Souza ◽

Sérgio Tufik ◽

José Carlos F. Galduróz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Double Blind ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Background: High oxidative stress, which is caused by smoking, can alter omega-3 fatty acid concentrations. Since omega-3 fatty acids play a role in dopaminergic neurotransmission related to dependence, it is important to understand their effects on nicotine dependence. Methods: This research comprised 2 studies. The first one consisted of a cross-sectional evaluation, in which the levels of the most important omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were compared between smokers and non-smokers in a sample of 171 individuals; of them, 120 were smokers and 51 were non-smokers. The other study was a clinical, double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled, in which 63 smokers received daily treatment with capsules of fish oil (a source of omega-3/3 g/day) or mineral oil (used as placebo, also 3 g/day), taken 3 times a day for 90 days. Each fish oil capsules contained approximately 210.99 mg EPA and 129.84 mg of DHA. The outcome was evaluated by means of psychometric and biological measures as well as self-reports of tobacco use. The evaluations were carried out at the beginning of treatment and once a month thereafter (total of 4 times). Outcomes: The omega-3 fatty acid lipid profile showed that smokers present lower concentrations of DHA. After treatment, the omega-3 group showed a significant reduction in their levels of dependence. Interpretation: Smokers showed lower peripheral levels of omega-3, and treatment with the most important omega-3 fatty acids brought about a reduction in nicotine dependence.

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