Does intellectual capital impact firms' capital structure? Exploring the role of firm risk and profitability

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D'Amato
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between intellectual capital and firm capital structure by exploring whether firm profitability and risk are drivers of this relationship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a comprehensive data set of Italian firms over the 2008–2017 period, this paper examines whether intellectual capital affects firm financial leverage. Moreover, it analyzes whether firm profitability and risk mediate the abovementioned relationship. Financial leverage is measured by the debt/equity ratio. Intellectual capital is measured via the value-added intellectual coefficient approach.FindingsThe findings show that firms with a high level of intellectual capital have lower financial leverage and are more profitable and riskier than firms with a low level of intellectual capital. Furthermore, this study finds that firm profitability and risk mediate the relationship between intellectual capital and financial leverage. Thus, the higher profitability and risk of intellectual capital-intensive firms help explain their lower financial leverage.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings have several implications. From a theoretical standpoint, the paper presents and tests a mediating model of the relationship between intellectual capital and financial leverage and its underlying processes. In terms of the more general managerial implications, the results provide managers with a clear interpretation of the relationship between intellectual capital and financial leverage and point to the need to strengthen the capital structure of intangible-intensive firms.Originality/valueThrough a mediation framework, this study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between intellectual capital and firm financial leverage by exploring the underlying mechanisms behind that relationship, which is a novel approach in the literature.

scholarly journals Intellectual capital and performance in temporary teams

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Massaro ◽  
Francesca Dal Mas ◽  
Nick Bontis ◽  
Bill Gerrard
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Context ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporary Teams

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deepen resource-based view theory by analyzing how intellectual capital (IC) affects performance in temporary teams and by showing the moderating role of integrative mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach The research context focuses on 153 national teams of football (NTF), also referred to as national soccer teams, as an example of temporary groups. A partial least squares (PLS) methodology was utilized on a data set built from transfermarkt.com and FIFA world rankings. Three main hypotheses were developed and tested using first a PLS and then an OLS approach. Findings The results show how IC contributes to performance, extending the findings of previous studies to the context of temporary teams. Additionally, the results show how some integrative mechanisms such as assembly decisions and team leader experience influence temporary team performance by creating an interaction effect with existing IC. Originality/value This study contributes to IC theories for three reasons. First, it applies IC research to a specific research context: temporary teams, where specific organizational capabilities are required to coordinate resources. Second, the study analyzes the role of integrative mechanisms as moderators of the relationship between IC and performance in temporary teams. Third, the study focuses on NTF as an example of temporary teams.

Firm-level determinants of job creation by SMEs: Swedish empirical evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darush Yazdanfar ◽  
Peter Öhman
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – Using a resource-based approach, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the firm-level determinants financial leverage and liquidity on job creation at small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in six industry sectors in Sweden. Design/methodology/approach – The generalized method of moments system model was used to analyse an extensive panel data set of 26,721 Swedish SMEs over the 2008-2011 period. Findings – The empirical results indicate that job creation is positively related to SMEs’ financial leverage and liquidity, and to their size and age. SMEs’ financial leverage and size are the most important firm-level determinants of job creation. Although there are differences between industry sectors, the results confirm the general pattern of the effect of financial leverage and liquidity on job creation. Research limitations/implications – Due to the importance of job creation for economic growth, the relationship between SMEs’ capital structure and job creation should be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. In investigating the importance of financial leverage and liquidity to labour demand dynamics, this study analyses the firm-level factors that influence job creation by SMEs. Originality/value – Since there is limited empirical research focusing on this relationship at firm level in the context of SME, the current research aims at investigating the determinants of job creation at the firm level empirically.

The nexus between corporate governance and intellectual capital in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Phu Tran ◽  
Loan Thi-Hong Van ◽  
Duc Hong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between corporate governance and intellectual capital in the context of Vietnam. In this paper, corporate governance is proxied by various characteristics, including board size, a number of independent members in the board, board remuneration, major shareholder holding more than 20 per cent of the outstanding shares and duality of the CEO. In addition, intellectual capital is measured using the modified value-added intellectual coefficient model (MVAIC). Design/methodology/approach The study uses data of 45 Vietnamese listed firms during 2011-2018. The MVAIC model is used incorporating four components, namely, human capital, structural capital, capital used and relational capital. In addition, GMM regression technique is used in this paper. Findings Empirical findings from this paper indicate that key characteristics of corporate governance, except for board remuneration, may provide a negative effect on the efficient use of intellectual capital. Research limitations/implications Intellectual capital emerges as a new field of research that has not been widely examined in emerging countries such as Vietnam. As such, there have not been many studies focusing on understanding intellectual capital and its role in the performance of enterprises. Further studies can evaluate the relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance, capital structure, corporate value and social responsibility. This study is limited to listed companies in Vietnam because of data limitations in an emerging market. Studies in the future should extend the sample and/or compare differences between manufacturing enterprises and financial institutions, or between countries. Practical implications Findings from this paper provide a valuable framework for executives, managers and policymakers in managing corporate governance and intellectual capital within the Vietnamese context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study that has been conducted to examine the relationship between corporate governance and intellectual capital in the context of Vietnam.

Impact of intellectual capital on corporate performance: evidence from the Arab region

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dzenopoljac ◽  
Chadi Yaacoub ◽  
Nasser Elkanj ◽  
Nick Bontis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to fill a gap in the intellectual capital (IC) literature by providing insights into the relationship between IC and corporate performance among Arab companies and second, to challenge the validity of the Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC) as a measure of IC’s contribution to performance. Design/methodology/approach The research sample included 100 publicly traded Arab companies selected by Forbes Middle East and ranked as top performers in terms of sales, profits, assets, and market value. The methodology included assessing the impact of IC components on company earnings, profitability, efficiency, and market performance for the period between 2011 and 2015. Research hypotheses were tested through the presentation of descriptive statistics, normality tests, correlation matrix, and multiple regression models. Findings The research yielded ambiguous results. Earnings and profitability were significantly affected by structural and physical capital; efficiency was determined primarily by physical capital; and market performance was mainly influenced by human capital. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the research comes from disadvantages of VAIC as the measure of IC’s contributions to performance. Originality/value The paper fills a void in the study of IC and corporate performance among Arab companies.

The optimal capital structure of Swiss dairy farms

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Schorr ◽  
Markus Lips
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimal Capital Structure ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Optimal Capital

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a novel way of determining optimal capital structure, applied to sub-groups of Swiss dairy farms from 2003 to 2014. Optimization of capital structure is carried out with respect to two performance indicators from an economic value added perspective.Design/methodology/approachOptimal values of capital structure are obtained based on a minimization of correlation between economic performance indicators and a distance function of the debt-to-asset ratio distribution to its quantiles. The approach differs from existing approaches in relying solely on empirical data and in using fewer external parameters, which are difficult to estimate, such as risk aversion coefficients. An unbalanced panel data set from the Swiss Farm Accounting Network with almost 14,000 dairy farm observations serves as input data to the model.FindingsConcise optimal values of capital structure result for regional and temporal sub-groups of Swiss dairy farms. Comparing the evolution of optimal values for these sub-groups with existing models of optimal capital structure, the authors infer that dairy farmers in the mountain region are less risk averse than their counterparts in the valley region and that falling interest rates increase the optimal value of debt-to-asset ratio.Originality/valueThe straightforward computation of optimal values for capital structure without intermediate parameters is useful and new. In addition, the authors’ model can be used as a tool for comparison and validation of previous models with the same aim, e.g. for comparison of risk aversion coefficients or qualitative behavior of optimal values for capital structure.

Intellectual capital and profitability in an emerging insurance market

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Asare ◽  
Abdul Latif Alhassan ◽  
Michael Effah Asamoah ◽  
Matthew Ntow-Gyamfi
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Insurers ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and profitability of insurance companies in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Data on 36 life and non-life insurance companies from 2007 to 2011 are employed to estimate the value added intellectual coefficient of Pulic (2004, 2008). Using return on assets and underwriting profit as indicators of profitability, the ordinary least squares panel corrected standard errors of Beck and Katz (2005) is used in estimating the relationship in the presence of serial correlation and heteroskedasticity. Leverage, underwriting risk and insurers’ size are used as control variables. Findings Non-life insurers have high IC performance comparative to life insurers. This study finds a significant positive relationship between IC and profitability of insurers in Ghana while human capital efficiency is the main driver of insurers’ IC performance. Practical implications The study discusses relevance of IC for management of insurance companies in Ghana and other emerging insurance markets in Africa. Originality/value This appears to be the first study to examine the impact of IC on profitability of a developing insurance market in Africa.

The relationship between intellectual capital, firms’ market value and financial performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirinuch Nimtrakoon
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Relational Capital ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Efficiency ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore and compare the extent of intellectual capital (IC) and its four components among ASEAN countries, and examine the relationship between firms’ IC, market value, and financial performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses the data of 213 technology firms listed on five ASEAN stock exchanges. Pulic’s Value Added Intellectual Coefficient model is modified by adding an extra component, namely, relational capital efficiency (RCE). The Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis have been utilized to test the hypotheses. Findings – The results reveal that there is no significant difference in Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) across five ASEAN countries; however, firms in each country tend to place a different degree of emphasis on components of MVAIC to generate corporate value. The results further indicate a positive relationship between IC and market value, confirming that firms with greater IC tend to have greater market value. Likewise, a positive relationship between IC and financial performance measures is confirmed. Specifically, IC is found to be positively associated with margin ratio and return on assets. Capital employed efficiency and human capital efficiency are found to be the most influential value drivers for both market value and financial performance while structural capital efficiency and relational capital efficiency possess less importance. Originality/value – This study contributes to the IC literature by expanding our knowledge of IC in the emerging economies, and providing a national comparative IC research when such research is limited.

scholarly journals Boardroom gender diversity and intellectual capital efficiency: evidence from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Tracy-Anne De Silva ◽  
Christopher Gan ◽  
Rashid Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Corporate Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between boardroom gender diversity and intellectual capital (IC) efficiency in China – while the previous literature focuses only on traditional accounting-based performance measures such as return on assets or Tobin’s Q. Design/methodology/approach A well-developed Arrelano–Bond generalised method of moment (GMM) is applied to account for endogeneity – mainly because of simultaneity and unobserved heterogeneity. Moreover, this study uses an adjusted-value added intellectual coefficient (VAIC) model to measure the IC efficiency of 906 Chinese listed firms for 2010-2014. Findings The empirical analysis shows a significant relationship between gender diversity and IC efficiency, in static ordinary least square estimation, but this disappears when endogeneity is accounted for using dynamic GMM. This insignificant relationship remains consistent, even when two alternative proxies of gender diversity, i.e. the Blau index and the women dummy, are used. Practical implications This study provides some useful insights into the traditional Chinese corporate structure where females cannot use their powers to bring corporate changes in firms. The findings show that gender-related stereotypical attitudes continue to exist in China. The regulators, therefore, should look into strengthening gender related regulations – which are currently non-existent in China. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to investigate the relationship between gender diversity and IC efficiency in China using the A-VAIC model and GMM to mitigate endogeneity.

Exploring the effect of intellectual capital on financial performance: a study of Indian banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faizi Weqar ◽  
Ahmed Musa Khan ◽  
Syed Mohammed Imamul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nationalised Banks ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inspect the effect of intellectual capital (IC) on the financial performance (FP) of Indian banks. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the data of 58 Indian banks, namely, 20 nationalised banks, 17 private Indian banks and 21 private foreign banks, for the period between 2009 and 2018. A modified value-added intellectual coefficient methodology was used for measuring the efficiency of the IC. Findings The efficiency of IC significantly enhances the profitability and productivity of the Indian banks. Overall, human capital is the most substantial component of IC in augmenting the profitability and productivity of the Indian banking industry. Structural capital and physical capital are vital only for improving profitability while the contribution of relational capital towards the banks’ FP is nominal. The result also shows that amongst the three categories of Indian banks, private foreign banks are most efficient in leveraging their IC. Research limitations/implications The study results are only restricted to Indian banks and the data of only 58 banks are used for drawing the inferences. Originality/value The paper fills the void in the existing literature of IC and corporate FP by using the data set of Indian banks divided into the public sector, private Indian and private foreign banks.

Intellectual capital and firm performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allam Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Traditional Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study sheds light on the relation between intellectual capital and firm performance. The study argues that traditional performance measurement based on accounting is still able to explore the relation between intellectual capital and performance. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted at 198 firms from two Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Kingdom of Bahrain for the period 2014–2016. To measure intellectual capital, the value added intellectual coefficient model was adopted along with two measures of performance: accounting-based performance which is return on assets and market-based performance which is Tobin’s Q, in addition to the Random-Effects Regression. Findings Study findings came up with evidences that support the relationship between intellectual capital and accounting-based performance, but negates any relation between intellectual capital and market-based performance. The findings also revealed different results, between Saudi Arabia’s and those of Bahrain. Originality/value The study contributes to the debate on the validity of relating intellectual capital to the traditional accounting-based performance.

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