Prioritizing Different Types of Barriers to Knowledge Sharing: A Cause-and-Effect Analysis of the Views of Academics in Turkey

This study aims to identify different types of barriers to knowledge sharing among academics in Turkey and to investigate the relationships between the barriers and their degree of impact. Accordingly, it implements qualitative and quantitative approaches in two phases. In the first phase, the knowledge sharing barriers are identified through the literature review and categorized under organizational, individual, and technological dimensions via expert opinions so as to determine current barriers for the Turkish academics. In the second phase, the identified barriers and their interactions are more deeply investigated by using the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory Method (DEMATEL) methods. The findings of the study reveal that organizational and individual knowledge sharing barriers have a stronger effect than technological barriers. According to ISM and DEMATEL findings, “corporate structure”, “power relations"”, and “supportive corporate culture” are the driving forces for the knowledge sharing among the academics in Turkey. This study provides a hierarchical and causal relation model that may enable both performing the actions needed to promote academic knowledge sharing and advancing university performances. The findings offer useful insights on what the key barriers are and how these interrelate, so that they can be overcome. Thus, the findings hold significant potential to contribute both to the academic field and to the policymakers who are in charge of taking regulatory actions.

Stylistic variation in email

This study explores how email is partly shaped by writers’ positions within a corporate structure. This stylistic variation is measurable at scale and can be described by messages’ rhetorical organizations and orientations. The modeling was carried out on a subset of the Enron email corpus, which was processed using the dictionary-based tagger DocuScope. The results identify four stylistic variants (Trained/Technical Support, Decision-Making, Everyday Workplace Interaction, and Engaged Planning), each realizing distinctive combinations of features reflective of their communicative functions. In Trained/Technical Support emails, for example, constellations of words and phrases associated with informational production and facilitation are marshaled in fulfilling routine guidance-seeking and guidance-giving tasks. While writers’ positions motivate stylistic tendencies (e.g., members of upper-level management compose a majority of their messages in the Decision-Making style), all writers avail themselves of a variety of styles, depending on audience and purpose, suggesting that learners might benefit from developing adaptable communicative repertoires.

Overcoming women’s isolation at work: The effect of organizational structure and practices on female managers’ workplace relationships

Successful career outcomes depend on maintaining positive relationships with and evaluations from supervisors and peers. Recognizing that structure frames behaviors and perceptions, this study explores the impact of organizational structure and practices on the relationships of 598 women in 298 Korean companies using longitudinal data from 2010 to 2016. The results from fixed-effects models show that corporate structure and practices shape female managers’ relationships with supervisors and peers. Gender equality practices improve relationships with both men and women. By contrast, diversity programs have negative effects on female managers’ relationships with female supervisors and peers, and work–life programs show mixed results. However, in firms with female executives and firms that encourage men to use parental leave, diversity programs and work–life practices stimulate positive relationships with both male and female supervisors and peers. This study suggests that organizational contexts, rather than intrinsic gender preferences, shape women’s relationships in the workplace.

How tourist information drives promotional efforts: A case study of the Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau

This paper aims to analyze how tourist information generated by market research drives destination management and marketing organizations’ promotional efforts, expanding research about tourist information and the destination management and marketing organization's (DMMO) role. The focus is on describing the Greater Miami Convention & Visitors Bureau's (GMCVB) marketing management that defines Miami/FL as a tourist destination. In this descriptive case study, the authors conducted bibliographic and documentary research and semi-structured interviews with the GMCVB. The results demonstrate the influence of information on the GMCVB's marketing management through four topics: Miami's image, the GMCVB's corporate structure, some GMCVB's initiatives, and the marketing campaigns. In conclusion, the study suggests that data collection through market research should be destination management and marketing organizations’ primary concern since information is the asset that will guide all their functions, strategies, and activities.

USAGE OF MACHINE LEARNING IN THE PROCESS OF RISK-MANAGEMENT

Background. Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are frequently implemented into the corporate structure and are aimed to transform the risk management system. Not only AI is useful for detection the interconnections between business processes, but also allows to accurately predict financial indicators and the reasons for possible deviations from standard values. Thus, the implementations of artificial intelligence and machine learning mechanisms makes it possible to increase the efficiency of operational activities and detect hidden risks. Method. The article discusses the main types of risks, identidication and minimization of which can be carried out using machine learning and also reveals key difficulties that arise while introducing innovative mechanisms into the structure of risk-management. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the relevance of using artificial intelligence mechanisms while minimizing the risks of an economic entity, as well as in identifying the main incentives for the efficient usage of machine learning in risk management. Result. As a result, the potential of introducing innovative methods into the structure of risk management to improve the efficiency of operating activities was revealed. Conclusion. In the process of the methodological study, the features of the application of machine learning methods in the risk management process were identified, moreover the article main limitations and possibilities of using artificial intelligence in order to minimize risks were revealed.

A Presence of Ariā - Within the Indigenous corporate body

<p>“Without consciously looking at them, we breath in our surroundings with all our senses.” - Christopher Day Te Aō Māori revolves around a holistic world view and similarly, this paper too begins there. There is this opportunity here to understand that there is more to a space than just architectural form, especially an interior. These spaces encapsulate an atmosphere that is created by people, expressed through art; both visual and haptic. Theoretical views that share this perspective all seem to converge at a point that describes these spaces through a more embodied outlook. A stronger appreciation is placed on the abilities of our suppressed bodily senses and the strength of presence in creating a spatial identity that places itself among our bodies memory. Interior capacities that are full of atmosphere are like creative expressive mediums of simple translation between mind and body. Māori people convey this innate ability to shape space in a way that touches the skin with a presence and engraves a footprint memory in the mind. Embodiment is something recognized in Māoridom through this understanding of Te Aō Māori however it is missing from the interior spaces which Māori organizations are currently inhabiting in the corporate realm. This culture proudly structures itself around holistic values within a unique world of symbolism (Marsden, 1992, p12) and while being intricately informed by a cultural lense, this perspective isn’t conveyed within western dominated corporate building facilities (see appendix 01). Māori organizations are now finding themselves climbing higher within an economic domain that is prevalent to Western corporations (Berl). This is creating a scenario where cultural symbolism and values, all that contributes to this cultural identity seems compromised. (Marsden, 2003, p24-25) One of the higher three indigenous entrepreneurial persons in the world, (Himona) Māori people are quietly succeeding with credit to culturally embedded values. Within this context there is a varying degree of material that ranges from design and research approached through purposeful intentions, to understanding the body and space in this scenario through a cultural lense, and implementing this into a western corporate structure. This context is complex and so the path of this research paper too should respond in such a way, before a finalized outcome can be sought and produced. Miromoda, the Indigenous Māori Fashion Apparel Board (IMFAB) is one example, of a non-profit organization that strives to raise the standards and awareness for those in the Māori Fashion industry. Without a permanent physical site, as Miromoda crew co-ordinate during their spare time, the identity of this Māori organization becomes prevalent only at events and gatherings. Challenging and questioning how the presence of their entities essence can be portrayed in such a situation and temporary context. It is inadequate to continue efforts of Western corporate framework application into an indigenous domain that deserves more distinction. There is disconnection within this economic society that differs to that of Māori culture (Marsden, 2003, p125-126). Their value of capitalizing overrides any spiritual and cultural considerations because profit is end game. To understand what is being compromised, leads to comprehension that cultural identity shouldn’t be morphed for acceptance. There is a difference between applying superficial visual touches to a space to tick the correct boxes of acknowledgement than designing with more purposeful intent.</p>

A Presence of Ariā - Within the Indigenous corporate body

<p>“Without consciously looking at them, we breath in our surroundings with all our senses.” - Christopher Day Te Aō Māori revolves around a holistic world view and similarly, this paper too begins there. There is this opportunity here to understand that there is more to a space than just architectural form, especially an interior. These spaces encapsulate an atmosphere that is created by people, expressed through art; both visual and haptic. Theoretical views that share this perspective all seem to converge at a point that describes these spaces through a more embodied outlook. A stronger appreciation is placed on the abilities of our suppressed bodily senses and the strength of presence in creating a spatial identity that places itself among our bodies memory. Interior capacities that are full of atmosphere are like creative expressive mediums of simple translation between mind and body. Māori people convey this innate ability to shape space in a way that touches the skin with a presence and engraves a footprint memory in the mind. Embodiment is something recognized in Māoridom through this understanding of Te Aō Māori however it is missing from the interior spaces which Māori organizations are currently inhabiting in the corporate realm. This culture proudly structures itself around holistic values within a unique world of symbolism (Marsden, 1992, p12) and while being intricately informed by a cultural lense, this perspective isn’t conveyed within western dominated corporate building facilities (see appendix 01). Māori organizations are now finding themselves climbing higher within an economic domain that is prevalent to Western corporations (Berl). This is creating a scenario where cultural symbolism and values, all that contributes to this cultural identity seems compromised. (Marsden, 2003, p24-25) One of the higher three indigenous entrepreneurial persons in the world, (Himona) Māori people are quietly succeeding with credit to culturally embedded values. Within this context there is a varying degree of material that ranges from design and research approached through purposeful intentions, to understanding the body and space in this scenario through a cultural lense, and implementing this into a western corporate structure. This context is complex and so the path of this research paper too should respond in such a way, before a finalized outcome can be sought and produced. Miromoda, the Indigenous Māori Fashion Apparel Board (IMFAB) is one example, of a non-profit organization that strives to raise the standards and awareness for those in the Māori Fashion industry. Without a permanent physical site, as Miromoda crew co-ordinate during their spare time, the identity of this Māori organization becomes prevalent only at events and gatherings. Challenging and questioning how the presence of their entities essence can be portrayed in such a situation and temporary context. It is inadequate to continue efforts of Western corporate framework application into an indigenous domain that deserves more distinction. There is disconnection within this economic society that differs to that of Māori culture (Marsden, 2003, p125-126). Their value of capitalizing overrides any spiritual and cultural considerations because profit is end game. To understand what is being compromised, leads to comprehension that cultural identity shouldn’t be morphed for acceptance. There is a difference between applying superficial visual touches to a space to tick the correct boxes of acknowledgement than designing with more purposeful intent.</p>

The Difference LTC Corporate Ownership Makes in Collaborations With Emergency Operation Centers During Disasters

Collaboration between nursing homes (NHs) and assisted living communities (ALCs) with state and local entities (e.g., emergency operation centers (EOCs)) is critical during a disaster. The corporate structure of NHs and ALCs can make a difference in their ability to collaborate with these entities during a disaster. This mixed-method study examines differences in satisfaction with collaboration with state and local entities during Hurricane Irma in Florida in 2017 between corporate-owned NHs (N=24), larger (25+ beds) ALCs (N=38) and smaller ALCs (N=30). We also explore collaboration in Florida NHs (N=35) and ALCs (N=123) specific to COVID19. Scaled 1-5 survey data results indicate that small ALCs are the least satisfied (M=2.90) with EOC collaboration, compared to NHs (M=3.04) and larger ALCs (M=3.33) during Irma. Smaller ALCs were more dissatisfied with COVID19 mandates compared to larger ALCs and NHs. Ways to improve collaboration during a disaster, especially for smaller ALCs, will be discussed.

Fundamental Rights and the Legal Obligations of Business

Corporations can significantly affect the fundamental rights of individuals. This book investigates what legal obligations they have to respect, protect and realise these rights. In doing so, it addresses important conceptual issues surrounding fundamental rights. From an investigation of existing legal models, a clear structural similarity surfaces in how courts make decisions about corporate obligations. The book seeks to systematise, justify and develop this emergent 'multi-factoral approach' through examining key factors for determining the substantive content of corporate obligations. The book defends the use of the proportionality test for ascertaining corporations' negative obligations and outlines a novel seven-step test for determining their positive obligations. The book finally proposes legal and institutional reforms - on both the national and international levels - designed to enhance the quality of decision-making surrounding corporate obligations, and embed fundamental rights within the corporate structure and the minds of key decision-makers.

Corporate Structure, Industrial Development, and Structural Change in South Africa

The orientation of large corporations is at the heart of how countries develop. These firms make large-scale investments and realize economies of scale and scope, as well as make long-term commitments to the learning and research necessary to build capabilities required for industrial development. In many industries and sectors the large firms have key technologies, govern access to markets, and control material inputs which can shape the structure of an economy. The chapter reviews the changing corporate structure in South Africa focusing on the implications for industrial development, the evolving internationalization of South African businesses, and the political economy of economic policy. While the South African economy has remained highly concentrated, the corporate structure has altered in fundamental ways. The chapter identifies key elements of continuity and change to explain the implications of the continued high levels of economic concentration for the economy through the lens of the corporate structure.