On the Estimation of Risk Premium in the Gold Futures Market: Using the Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (GSCI) Approach

2013 ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Xu ◽  
Eric C. Lin ◽  
John W. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Risk Premium ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Gold Futures ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

scholarly journals Has COVID-19 Changed the Hedge Effectiveness of Bitcoin?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinpeng Zhang ◽  
Panpan Zhu ◽  
Yingying Xu
Keyword(s):  
Futures Markets ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Spot Market ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Conditional Heteroskedasticity ◽  
Volatility Spillover ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity ◽  
Gold Futures

The Bitcoin market has become a research hotspot after the outbreak of Covid-19. In this paper, we focus on the relationships between the Bitcoin spot and futures. Specifically, we adopt the vector autoregression-dynamic correlation coefficient-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (VAR-DCC-GARCH) model and vector autoregression-Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (VAR-BEKK-GARCH) models and calculate the hedging effectiveness (HE) value to investigate the dynamic correlation and volatility spillover and assess the risk reduction of the Bitcoin futures to spot. The empirical results show that the Bitcoin spot and futures markets are highly connected; second, there exists a bi-directional volatility spillover between the spot and futures market; third, the HE value is equal to 0.6446, which indicates that Bitcoin futures can indeed hedge the risks in the Bitcoin spot market. Furthermore, we update the data to the post-Covid-19 period to do the robustness checks. The results do not change our conclusion that Bitcoin futures can hedge the risks in the Bitcoin spot market, and besides, the post-Covid-19 results indicate that the hedging ability of Bitcoin futures increased. Finally, we test whether the gold futures can be used as a Bitcoin spot market hedge, and we further control other cryptocurrencies to illustrate the hedging ability of the Bitcoin futures to the Bitcoin spot. Overall, the empirical results in this paper will surely benefit the related investors in the Bitcoin market.

The Unbiasedness and Hedging Effectiveness in KOSPI200 Futures Market

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
Seok Kyu Kang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
Sample Period ◽  
Futures Prices ◽  
Spot Prices ◽  
Hedging Effectiveness ◽  
Futures Price ◽  
Rolling Windows

This study is to examine the unblasedness hypothesis and hedging effectiveness in KOSPI20() futures market. The unbiasedness and efficiency hypothesis is carried out using a cointegration methodology. And hedging effectiveness is measured by comparing hedging performance of the naive hedge model, OLS hedge model. and constant correlation bivariate GARCH (1. 1) hedge model based on rolling windows. The sample period covers from May. 3. 1996 to December. 8, 2005. The empirical results are summarized as follows: First, there exists the cOintegrating relationship between realized spot prices and futures prices of the 10 day. 22 day. 44 day. and 59 day prior to maturity. Second. futures prices of backward the 10 day. 22 day. 44 day from maturity provide unbiased forecasts of the realized spot prices. The KOSPI200 futures price is likely to predict accurately future KOSPI200 spot prices without the trader having to pay a risk premium for the privilege of trading the contract. Third. for shorter maturity. the futures price appears to be the best forecaster of spot price. Forth, bivariate GARCH hedging effectiveness outperforms the naive and OLS hedging effectiveness. The implications of these findings show that KOSPI200 futures market behaves as unbiased predictor of future spot price and risk management instrument of KOSPI200 spot portfolio.

scholarly journals Tendenciosidade do Mercado Futuro de Câmbio: Risco Cambial ou Erros Sistemáticos de Previsão?

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Daniel Chrity ◽  
Márcio G. P. Garcia ◽  
Marcelo Cunha Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
International Finance ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Futures Market ◽  
Forward Rate ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Spot Rate ◽  
Currency Risk ◽  
Future Change ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Difference

The forward exchange rate is widely used in international finance whenever the analysis of the expected depreciation is needed. It is also used to identify currency risk premium. The difference between the spot rate and the forward rate is supposed to be a predictor of the future movements of the spot rate. This prediction is hardly precise. The fact that the forward rate is a biased predictor of the future change in the spot rate can be attributed to a currency risk premium. The bias can also be attributed to systematic errors of the future depreciation of the currency. This paper analyzes the nature of the risk premium and of the prediction errors in using the forward rate. It will look into the efficiency and rationality of the futures market in Brazil from April 1995 to December 1998, a period of controled exchange rates.

scholarly journals An Integrated System for Estimating the Risk Premium of Individual Car Models in Motor Insurance

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Risk Premium ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Credibility Theory ◽  
Car Model ◽  
Motor Insurance ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
Estimation Of Risk

AbstractThe estimation of risk premium for individual car models is discussed. Cluster analysis is used to identify groups of car models with similar technical attributes. Credibility theory is used to combine estimates of risk premium from individual car model claim statistics, group claim statistics, and a technical assessment carried out by car experts. The procedure is applied to a small set of car models.

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