scholarly journals Enhanced Least Significant Bit Replacement Algorithm in Spatial Domain of Steganography Using Character Sequence Optimization

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 136537-136545
Author(s):  
Jagan Raj Jayapandiyan ◽  
C. Kavitha ◽  
K. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Sequence Optimization ◽  
Replacement Algorithm ◽  
Character Sequence

scholarly journals Scalable Methodology to Hide Audio Data in Cover Image using RGB and Gray Color based Key Positioning Image Steganography

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 7674-7679
Keyword(s):  
Color Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Color Channel ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Replacement Algorithm ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
The Given

This objective of this paper is primarily focused on RGB color and Gray scale color based key positioning steganography which has been used to overcome the disadvantages of the Least Significant Bit replacement algorithm and helps to embed the audio data in the color images. The given audio data of various sizes is used to embed in the green color channel of the 24 bit color image sequentially by the key based LSB positioning algorithm. Here the audio threshold is another major area where the focus has been laid as increasing the size of the audio data[26] which can be sent through an image without losing the quality of the audio. This method of hiding the audio data through an image helps to authenticate the sender[25] and verifies whether the data has been really sent to the valid user or is used to prevent morphed secret details by the attacker in the middle. The proposed algorithm has been tested against various existing algorithm to study how effectively the algorithm is working, and how effectively it overcomes the drawbacks of the present algorithms. The algorithm is scalable to serve the purpose of authenticating the different demographical region users living all over world and also to identify that the message is reaching only to the valid user[31].

scholarly journals Keamanan Pesan Rahasia Menggunakan Steganografi DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) pada Citra JPEG

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Hafidh Zulfikar
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Cosine Transform ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Cosine Transform ◽  
Secret Information ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
Lsb Technique ◽  
Dct Coefficient

<p class="SammaryHeader" align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><em></em></p><p><em> </em>The  least significant-bit (LSB) based techniques are very popular for steganography in spatial domain. The simplest LSB technique simply replaces the LSB in the cover image with the  bits from secret information. Further advanced techniques use some criteria to identify the pixels in which LSB(s) can be replaced with the bits of secret information. In Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based technique insertion of secret information in carrier depends on the DCT coefficients. Any DCT coefficient value above proper threshold is a potential place for insertion of secret information.</p><p class="Abstrak"><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords :</strong> Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), steganography, secret message</p><p><strong><em> </em><em>Abstra</em><em>k</em></strong></p><p>Pada steganografi domain spasial, teknik least significant-bit (LSB) merupakan teknik yang paling banyak digunakan pada steganografi. Teknik yang sederhana yang hanya mengubah nilai LSB pada cover image dengan nilai bit pesan rahasia, atau dengan teknik yang lebih baik lagi yaitu dengan menentukan bit-bit LSB mana yang akan dilakukan pergantian nilai bit. Lain halnya dengan metode Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), teknik steganografi ini akan menyembunyikan informasi rahasia tergantung dari nilai Koefisien DCT.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><strong>Kata Kunci :</strong> Steganografi, DCT, Citra, JPEG, Pesan Rahasia</p>

scholarly journals Steganography using Spatial Domain Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3369-3373
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Redundant Data

In present world data transfer using the internet is growing. It is very easy and fast way to transfer information like confidential documents, economic transactions, business applications and other covert information over internet. With the advent and growth of internet, people are more concerned about security of information. Data Security is important while data is transferred over internet because any illegal user can access important and private data also make it worthless. Research in data security area will help government agencies, military organization and private companies to securely transmit their confidential data over internet. From past few years various steganography techniques have been developed to hide secret message using various multimedia objects having large amount of redundant data to support steganography. In this paper introduction about steganography, related concepts and implementation of commonly used spatial domain techniques like LSB(Least Significant Bit Technique) with modulus, PVD(Pixel Value Difference) with LSB replacement and adaptive data hiding over edges with LSB are considered. It is observed(while visual, statistical analysis and experiments were carried out) with benchmark cover and stego objects that embedding same amount of secret data in each pixel leads to more visible distortions in a stego image because all pixels do not bear same amount of changes and this effect is more observed in smooth area then edges. Improving stego image imperceptibility and adjusting hiding capacity adaptively are major related research challenges about spatial domain techniques.

scholarly journals Reference-free differential histogram-correlative detection of steganography: performance analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Natiq M. Abdali ◽  
Zahir M. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Image Steganography ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Image Tampering ◽  
Derivatives Of

<span lang="EN-US">Recent <span>research has demonstrated the effectiveness of utilizing neural networks for detect tampering in images. However, because accessing a database is complex, which is needed in the classification process to detect tampering, reference-free steganalysis attracted attention. In recent work, an approach for least significant bit (LSB) steganalysis has been presented based on analyzing the derivatives of the histogram correlation. In this paper, we further examine this strategy for other steganographic methods. Detecting image tampering in the spatial domain, such as image steganography. It is found that the above approach could be applied successfully to other kinds of steganography with different orders of histogram-correlation derivatives. Also, the limits of the ratio stego-image to cover are considered, where very small ratios can escape this detection method unless </span> modified.</span>

scholarly journals Secure Electronic Voting Using a Hybrid Cryptosystem and Steganography

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Oladotun O. Okediran ◽  
Adeyemi A. Sijuade ◽  
Wajeed B. Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Security Requirements ◽  
Electronic Voting ◽  
Voting Systems ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Security Scheme ◽  
Aes Algorithm ◽  
Replacement Algorithm ◽  
Voting System ◽  
Lsb Replacement

Conventional voting techniques have been employed over the years in most elections. However, each of these techniques has attendant short comings. The existing conventional voting systems have been subjected to gross abuse and irregularities. Electronic voting (e-voting) which is emerging as an alternative to these conventional voting systems, though highly promising, is not also totally free of flaws; information security issues bordering on privacy, integrity and verifiability of the electronic ballots casted are still significant in most implementations of e-voting systems. In this paper, we developed a security scheme that was based on a hybrid Rivest-Sharma-Adleman (RSA) algorithm and Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with Least Significant Bit (LSB) replacement algorithm for securing ballot information in an e-voting system. An e-voting system with multiple voting channels which includes poll site voting, mobile voting and remote internet voting was developed in the contextual Nigerian scenario. The electronic ballots casted via the system during experimental usage were encrypted using the hybrid RSA-AES algorithm to circumvent the problems of privacy, integrity and verifiability associated with many e-voting systems. The encrypted ballots were then hidden using LSB replacement algorithm to improve their integrity. The image quality of the cover image used and stego image obtained from the security scheme developed was quantitatively assessed using Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Correlation. Furthermore, a performance evaluation based on users' perception of the developed e-voting system showed that the system satisfied most of the generic security requirements for electronic voting.

scholarly journals KAJIAN METODE METODE STEGANOGRAFI PADA DOMAIN SPASIAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Gunawan Wibisono ◽  
Tri Waluyo ◽  
Erik Iman Heri Ujianto
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Spatial Domain ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Spatial Domains ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Color Pixel ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing ◽  
Privacy Issues

This paper contains a review of the spatial domain steganographic literature. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about techniques or methods that exist in the spatial domain of steganography. Steganography is the science or technique for hiding secret messages in other messages so that the existence of the secret message cannot be accessed by others who do not have authority. There are several popular spatial domains of steganographic techniques, namely LSB (Least Significant Bit), which is mapping secret message bits in the rightmost bit (LSB) of each color pixel and PVD (Pixel Value Differencing) which in this method offers a larger message storage capacity , with better image quality compared to other methods in the spatial domain. Because privacy issues continue to develop along with various digital communication technologies, and increasingly strong security threats, steganography can play a role in society to maintain the confidentiality of both picture, voice and video messages. For this reason it is important for us to be aware of steganographic technology and its implications.

STEGANOGRAPHIC METHODS FOR EMBEDDING INFORMATION IN DIGITAL OBJECTS TO PROVIDE INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE CONCEPT OF "INTERNET OF THINGS"

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
Hristo Terziev
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Computer Environment ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
Effective Service

Internet of Things is a new world for connecting object space in the real world with virtual space in a computer environment. To build IoT as an effective service platform, end users need to trust the system. With the growing quantity of information and communication technologies, the need to ensure information security and improve data security is increasing. One of the potential solutions for this are steganographic methods. Steganography based on the least significant bit (LSB) is a popular and widely used method in the spatial domain.

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