The State, Civilization, and Extreme Inequality

Agriculture set the preconditions for metallurgy and sophisticated military organization, facilitating the rise of the state and civilization about 5,500 years ago. Whereas earlier stone weapons, available to all, served to preclude the formation of elites and inequality, expensive metal weapons, superior organizational skills, and ideology enabled elites to subjugate all others and extract their surplus, leaving the latter with bare subsistence. This elite formed the state, that social agency with a comparative advantage in violence. Social hierarchy became hereditary and increasingly rigid, and inequality became extreme. Elites gained highly disproportionate sexual access to women, often enclosed in harems. Understandably, rulers would strive to appease potential internal usurpers by protecting their property rights and ability to extract surplus from their subordinates. Until the rise of capitalism and a bourgeoisie in Western Europe, this appeasement of potential usurpers and elites generally precluded robust and sustainable economic dynamism.

The application of Business Intelligence for lay users: A case applied to a military organization of the Brazilian Navy / A aplicação de Business Intelligence para usuários leigos: Um caso aplicado a uma organização militar da Marinha do Brasil

O presente artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise sobre a utilização e aplicação de ferramenta de Business Intelligence (BI) é uma organização da Marinha do Brasil, enquanto ferramenta e modelo de uma gestão voltada à tomada de decisões racionais. O modelo ora apresentado remonta à não utilização de mão de obra especializada, de forma que os resultados direcionam à possibilidade de replicação do modelo em outras atividades públicas congêneres.

Military clergy reorganization in the Paul’s I of Russia military reform

The article examines an important historical stage in the development of military clergy. During this period, effective systems of military administration, training and recruitment and social protection of its members were established. In the process of the Emperor Paul's reform the military clergy acquired the features of a political institution. This was manifested in the active intervention of the state in the managerial system of the clergy. And the head of the military priests becomes the ober-priest of the Russian army and navy. A system of candidates selection for the positions of military priests has been built. A specialized educational institution was established for recruiting military clergy from the children of military clergy - the Army Seminary. After leaving the military department, martial ober-priests are provided with places in urban parishes, and martial priests are appointed to the rural churches of the dioceses from which they came to serve. A pension was introduced for the military clergy who were unable to continue serving because of age or illness. The military clergy were extracted from the subordination of the Holy Synod. And in the person of the ober-priest it was subordinated to the highest political leadership. As a result, the organization of the military clergy, which was optimal from the point of view of military-political management and effective use, was integrated into the military organization of the state. But this came into conflict with the canonical church norms and the position of the holy synod. After the tragic death of emperor Paul, this organization was largely dismantled.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF MODERN MILITARY LEADERSHIP IN IMPLEMENTING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES

This article presents the main types of modern leadership and the possibilities to use them in the context of sustainable development. Furthermore, the article highlights the important contribution that military leaders may play in implementing the sustainability of the military organization and the society of which it is part, through the combined use of appropriate leadership styles and of the most needed qualities that leaders should possess.

Desenvolvimento de Capacidades Dinâmicas a partir de Sistema de Gestão Ambiental em Organização Militar de Apoio Logístico: um estudo no Depósito de Combustíveis da Marinha do Brasil / Development of Dynamic Capabilities from an Environmental Management System in a Military Organization for Logistic Support: a study in the Brazilian Navy Fuel Deposit

A implantação ou adoção de práticas ambientais nas organizações a partir do ambiente externo pode desencadear o ciclo das Capacidade Dinâmica (CD), porém, há poucas pesquisas focando tal relação. Neste contexto, a gestão ambiental pode reconfigurar processos, rotinas e procedimentos da organização por influência de demanda externa. Desta forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as CD desenvolvidas após a implantação de Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) em uma Organização Militar de Apoio Logístico da Marinha do Brasil. Esta pesquisa é do tipo exploratória-descritiva e foi desenvolvida por intermédio da abordagem de estudo de caso. Os resultados indicam que algumas práticas ambientais introduzidas na organização e capacidades associadas ao SGA foram identificadas, porém, nem todas podem ser consideradas dinâmicas. As CD identificadas neste estudo são mecanismos causais essenciais para a implementação e manutenção das práticas ambientais, bem como constituintes de um sistema cíclico para a melhoria contínua do SGA.

FORMATION OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES IN FUTURE OFFICERS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the search for a new understanding of the essence of the phenomena of “leadership” and “leadership qualities” and the theoretical foundations of leadership development through an individual approach to the training of future officers of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is proposed to include the integration of individual training in the professional activities of future military leaders, consistent with the strategic direction of the National Guard of Ukraine. It is determined that the preparation of future officers for leadership in the military team is a socio-pedagogical system that helps cadets to master three basic leadership skills: diagnosing the development of subordinates, flexibility and partnership. Through the organization of individual training of officers-leaders, three more basic leadership skills “in themselves” are developed - to challenge the accepted limitations, to determine the levels of their power and to cooperate for the sake of success. It is proved that effective development of leadership qualities should take place at all four levels: self-management; individual subordinates; military unit (team) and military organization.

Settler Military Politics: On the Inclusion and Recognition of Indigenous People in the Military

After decades of refusal, neglect, and tacit admittance, the service of Indigenous people in the national armed forces of settler colonial states such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States is finally gaining acknowledgment. Indigenous people are now integrated in the regular forces and represented in national war commemoration. This article maintains that while inclusion and recognition of Indigenous military service is a positive transformation in the direction of post-colonial reconciliation, it still operates within the logics of settler colonialism intended to eradicate Indigenous stories of connection to land and assimilate Indigenous people in settler society. Using the case study of Indigenous militarization in Australia, this article argues that, under conditions of settler colonialism, the inclusion and recognition of Indigenous people in national militaries advances the settler colonial project intended to dispossess Indigenous people from their land and assimilate them in the new settler society. It highlights that historically, military organization has supported settler colonialism, and positions the present inclusion and recognition of Indigenous people in the military as a continuation of this history.

Diagnosis of the problems in Korean military force development systems

The Republic of Korea (ROK) military has pursued development with a focus on the defense force development system since the Yulgok project, which began in the 1970s for the purpose of self-defense. Currently, the ROK defense force development system seems to be very methodical, and it determines requirements by using the joint combat development system, reflects the budget in the defense planning and management system, and manages the acquisition project in the defense acquisition system; however; it has many problems. These problems include fierce competition among the services, limited verification, ambiguous standards and references for requirements, complicated procedures and regulations, and failure to reflect the rapid changes in the security environment and science and technology in military force development. The most important issue is that the Joint Chiefs of Staff should lead the development of the forces based on the concept of joint operations; however, they are focused on only the current operation and neglect their main goals as the top military organization, such as mid- to long-term force development and military strategy. The Joint Chiefs of Staff should revise the organization, mission performance system, and regulations to properly perform the core functions of the defense organization that establishes long-term response strategies and builds response capabilities according to the changes in the security and strategic environment.