A Comparison Between Reaching Distance and Work Area for Measuring the Impact of Flexion Synergy on Reaching Function in Chronic Moderate to Severe Hemiparetic Stroke

Author(s):  
Michael D. Ellis ◽  
Sabeen Admani
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyun Lan ◽  
Jun Yao ◽  
Julius P. A. Dewald

Background. Up to 60% of individuals with moderate to severe chronic hemiparetic stroke experience excessive involuntary wrist/finger flexion that constrains functional hand movements including hand opening. It’s not known how stroke-induced brain injury impacts volitional hand opening and grasping forces as a result of the expression of abnormal coupling between shoulder abduction and wrist/finger flexion or the flexion synergy. Objective. The goal of this study is to understand how shoulder abduction loading affects volitional hand opening and grasping forces in individuals with moderate to severe chronic hemiparetic stroke. Methods. Thirty-six individuals (stroke, 26; control, 10) were recruited for this study. Each participant was instructed to perform maximal hand opening and grasping forces while the arm was either fully supported or lifted with a weight equal to 25% or 50% of the participant’s maximal shoulder abduction torque. Hand pentagon area, defined as the area formed by the tips of thumb and fingers, was calculated during hand opening. Forces were recorded during grasping. Results. In individuals with moderate stroke, increasing shoulder abduction loading reduced the ability to maximally open the hand. In individuals with severe stroke, who were not able to open the hand, grasping forces were generated and increased with shoulder abduction loading. Stroke individuals also showed a reduced ability to control volitional grasping forces due to the enhanced expression of flexion synergy. Conclusions. Shoulder abduction loading reduced the ability to volitionally open the hand and control grasping forces after stroke. Neural mechanisms and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
M. Alvi Syahrin ◽  
Anindito Rizki Wiraputra ◽  
Dwi Septianto

The increasing migration of Nigerian citizens in Indonesia has a mixed impact. Not only the economic sector, but also the increasing number of violations and immigration crimes. The Immigration Office of West Jakarta, which is the jurisdiction of the distribution of Nigerian residences, faces quite difficult problems. The formulation of the problems to be examined in this paper are as follows: (1) How do immigration actions carried out by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in resolving cases of Nigerian citizens who exceed the immigration residence permit time limit and (2) What are the obstacles faced by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in resolving the case. The research method used is qualitative empirical legal research. Based on the results of the discussion, the following legal facts are obtained. The efforts made by Immigration Office of West Jakarta in overcoming abuse of immigration permits by Nigerian citizens are divided into 2 (two) parts, namely preventive efforts and repressive efforts. Preventive efforts carried out by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta are well underway and in accordance with existing regulations. The preventive efforts are realized in 2 (two) systems, namely administrative supervision and field supervision. In addition, these preventive efforts have proven effective with quite a number of Nigerians who abuse immigration permits by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta. Then the existing repressions are felt to require changes in the granting of actions / punishments against Nigerian people who abuse immigration permits. The change is in the form of providing legal action for investigating the violators to take precedence. Because all this time what happened in the field of giving immigration action was prioritized in giving action to Nigerian people who misused immigration permits. Even though the provision of immigration actions does not give a deterrent effect to these actors. So that the impact of these actors will do the same thing again. In practice, in the field of supervision and repression of Nigerian citizens who abuse immigration residence permits carried out by the Immigration Office of West Jakarta, there must be various problems. These problems are divided into 2 (two) factors, namely from the outside and from within. The external factor itself consists of the motives of some Nigerian citizens who came to Indonesia. Then there is a fictitious sponsor that increasingly makes it difficult to trace the perpetrators of abuse of immigration permits. Furthermore, the imbalance between the area of ​​West Jakarta's work area and the number of personnel and equipment that does not support this. Then from the point of view of internal factors which are the obstacles is the lack of supporting factors in carrying out supervision and repression of Nigerian citizens who abuse immigration permits. Finally, the attitude of the immigration officers was less assertive in giving action to Nigerian citizens who committed abuse of immigration permits.  


2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Mukhammadiyeva ◽  
Liliya K. Karimova ◽  
N. A. Beigul ◽  
A. B. Bakirov ◽  
E. T. Valeeva ◽  
...  

With the use of a one-stage method we have carried out hygienic studies of the air of work area of the production of continuous glass fiber. There was revealed the emission of epichlorohydrin, formaldehyde, ethane acid, hydrochloride, spray of mineral petroleum oil, fine glass fiber dust in air of the work area. There was established the combined effect of hazardous substances of unidirectional action with the summation effect on the body. Hazardous substances containing in glass fiber sizers in combination with dust of glass fiber against the background of microtraumatization of the hand skin contribute to the development of occupational skin neoplasms. The studies became the basis of the development of preventive measures aimed at the reduction of risks of the impact of the chemical factor impact on workers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Luciana Protásio de Melo ◽  
Valton da Silva Costa ◽  
Júlio César Cunha da Silveira ◽  
Tatiana Catarina Albuquerque Clementino

Background/Aims Strokes lead to different levels of disability. During the chronic stage, hemiparesis, spasticity and motor deficits may cause loss of functional independence. Mirror therapy aims to reduce deficits and increase functional recovery of the impaired upper limb. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy on upper limb spasticity and motor function, as well as its impact on functional independence in chronic hemiparetic patients. Methods In this quasi-experimental study, eight chronic hemiparetic patients (age 55.5 ± 10.8 years) were assessed to determine their degree of spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale), level of upper limb motor function (Fugl-Meyer Assessment) and functionality (Functional Independence Measure). All participants received 12 sessions of mirror therapy delivered three times per week, over a period of 4 weeks. Participants were re-evaluated post-intervention and these results were compared to their pre-intervention scores to determine the impact of mirror therapy. Results A decrease in spasticity was observed, with significant improvements in shoulder extensors (P=0.033) and a significant increase in motor function (P=0.002). The therapeutic protocol adopted did not have a significant effect on functional independence (P=0.105). Conclusions Mirror therapy led to improvements in upper limb spasticity and motor function in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients. No effects on functional independence were observed. Further research with a larger number of patients is needed to provide more robust evidence of the benefits of mirror therapy in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients.


2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 4435-4438
Author(s):  
Da Hua Jiang ◽  
Zhi Hua Wang ◽  
Fa En Shi ◽  
Ru Shan Ren

It is of great importance to study the impact of the cooking generated contaminants on the indoor air quality in the kitchen since cooking is regarded as the main source of indoor contaminants. This study aims investigate and analysis the indoor air quality of kitchen with using CFD numerical analysis method via the velocity, temperature, humidity CO2 concentration .It is concluded that The temperature distribution are large difference in the kitchen and the maximum value is up to 324K on the work area which near the cooking ,and the CO2 concentration which is close to the stove is 1420ppm,1370ppm, 1470ppm respectively, and it is more than the acceptance criteria (CO2<1000ppm) 42%,37% and 47% respectively. It is serious impact on the staff's physical health.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document