QMA/qpoly \subseteq PSPACE/poly: De-Merlinizing Quantum Protocols

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aaronson
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Protocols

scholarly journals Remote Quantum-Safe Authentication of Entities with Physical Unclonable Functions

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Georgios M. Nikolopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
Photonic Networks ◽  
Physical Unclonable Functions ◽  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Standard Techniques

Physical unclonable functions have been shown to be a useful resource of randomness for implementing various cryptographic tasks including entity authentication. All the related entity authentication protocols that have been discussed in the literature so far, either they are vulnerable to an emulation attack, or they are limited to short distances. Hence, quantum-safe remote entity authentication over large distances remains an open question. In the first part of this work, we discuss the requirements that an entity authentication protocol has to offer, to be useful for remote entity authentication in practice. Subsequently, we propose a protocol, which can operate over large distances, and offers security against both classical and quantum adversaries. The proposed protocol relies on standard techniques, it is fully compatible with the infrastructure of existing and future photonic networks, and it can operate in parallel with other quantum protocols, including QKD protocols.

Two semi-quantum secure direct communication protocols based on Bell states

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Sun ◽  
Lili Yan ◽  
Yan Chang ◽  
Shibin Zhang ◽  
Tingting Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Communication Protocols ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Bell States ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Shared Secret ◽  
Full Quantum ◽  
Qubit Efficiency

Quantum secure direct communication allows one participant to transmit secret messages to another directly without generating a shared secret key first. In most of the existing schemes, quantum secure direct communication can be achieved only when the two participants have full quantum ability. In this paper, we propose two semi-quantum secure direct communication protocols to allow restricted semi-quantum or “classical” users to participate in quantum communication. A semi-quantum user is restricted to measure, prepare, reorder and reflect quantum qubits only in the classical basis [Formula: see text]. Both protocols rely on quantum Alice to randomly prepare Bell states, perform Bell basis measurements and publish the initial Bell states, but the semi-quantum Bob only needs to measure the qubits in classical basis to obtain secret information without quantum memory. Security and qubit efficiency analysis have been given in this paper. The analysis results show that the two protocols can avoid some eavesdropping attacks and their qubit efficiency is higher than some current related quantum or semi-quantum protocols.

Quantum protocols for secure multi-party summation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
ZhaoXu Ji ◽  
HuanGuo Zhang ◽  
HouZhen Wang ◽  
FuSheng Wu ◽  
JianWei Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Protocols

scholarly journals The maximum efficiency of nano heat engines depends on more than temperature

Quantum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mischa P. Woods ◽  
Nelly Huei Ying Ng ◽  
Stephanie Wehner
Keyword(s):  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
A Value ◽  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Additional Constraints ◽  
Quantum Heat Engines

Sadi Carnot's theorem regarding the maximum efficiency of heat engines is considered to be of fundamental importance in thermodynamics. This theorem famously states that the maximum efficiency depends only on the temperature of the heat baths used by the engine, but not on the specific structure of baths. Here, we show that when the heat baths are finite in size, and when the engine operates in the quantum nanoregime, a revision to this statement is required. We show that one may still achieve the Carnot efficiency, when certain conditions on the bath structure are satisfied; however if that is not the case, then the maximum achievable efficiency can reduce to a value which is strictly less than Carnot. We derive the maximum efficiency for the case when one of the baths is composed of qubits. Furthermore, we show that the maximum efficiency is determined by either the standard second law of thermodynamics, analogously to the macroscopic case, or by the non increase of the max relative entropy, which is a quantity previously associated with the single shot regime in many quantum protocols. This relative entropic quantity emerges as a consequence of additional constraints, called generalized free energies, that govern thermodynamical transitions in the nanoregime. Our findings imply that in order to maximize efficiency, further considerations in choosing bath Hamiltonians should be made, when explicitly constructing quantum heat engines in the future. This understanding of thermodynamics has implications for nanoscale engineering aiming to construct small thermal machines.

Evolutionary Algorithms for the Design of Quantum Protocols

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Krawec ◽  
Stjepan Picek ◽  
Domagoj Jakobovic
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Algorithms ◽  
Quantum Protocols

Analysis of achievable distances of BB84 and KMB09 QKD protocols

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050033
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mubashir Khan ◽  
Asad Arfeen ◽  
Usama Ahsan ◽  
Saneeha Ahmed ◽  
Tahreem Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Single Photon ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Single Photon Detector ◽  
Short Pulse Laser ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Secret Keys ◽  
Shared Secret

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a proven secured way to transmit shared secret keys using quantum particles. Any adversarial attempt to intercept and eavesdrop secret key results in generating errors alerting the legitimate users. Since QKD is constrained by quantum mechanics principles, the practical transmission of the key at a greater distance is an issue. In this paper, we discover and analyze the key factors associated with transmission media, hardware components and protocol implementation of the QKD system that causes hindrance in distance range. Practical implementation of BB84 and KMB09 protocols is discussed to determine the achievable distance given current technology. We find that by using ultra low loss fiber, short-pulse laser and superconducting nanowire single photon detector the maximum achievable distance for both of the quantum protocols is 250[Formula: see text]km.

scholarly journals Equivalence Checking of Quantum Protocols

2013 ◽  
pp. 478-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Ardeshir-Larijani ◽  
Simon J. Gay ◽  
Rajagopal Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Checking ◽  
Quantum Protocols

scholarly journals New One Shot Quantum Protocols With Application to Communication Complexity

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 7566-7577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Anshu ◽  
Rahul Jain ◽  
Priyanka Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Ala Shayeghi ◽  
Penghui Yao
Keyword(s):  
Communication Complexity ◽  
Quantum Protocols

Specification and Verification of Quantum Protocols

2014 ◽  
pp. 414-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Gay ◽  
Rajagopal Nagarajan ◽  
Nikolaos Papanikolaou
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Specification And Verification

scholarly journals Robust multi-partite multi-level quantum protocols

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nihira ◽  
C.R. Stroud
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Protocols ◽  
Multi Level
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