Trilateral South American Project: A Reference System for Measuring Electric Power up to 100 kHz – Current Status

The total installed electric power capacity of Pakistan is about 20,000 MW. Pakistan is currently facing a power deficit of about 4,000 MW. This deficit is creating huge difficulties for the consumers as electrical power load shedding has become a norm in all over the country. Currently only about 33% of the total power is being produced by hydro sources and major electric power is still produced by burning oil and gas. The hydro potential of Pakistan is estimated to be about 41 GW, out of which 1,290 MW can be generated by micro-hydro systems. These potential off grid micro-hydro systems are very essential for the consumers living in the remote areas of Pakistan and may be installed on canals and water falls which are abundant in the remote areas. This paper discusses the potential and the status of installed of hydro power systems in Pakistan. Cross flow turbines are being manufactured in Pakistan and are usually quite successful for micro-hydro systems. However, cross flow turbines are not suitable for majority of the prospective site conditions. Furthermore, custom made conventional turbines are not mass produced and for the micro-hydro systems, standard centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines. These centrifugal pumps are easily available in the market at comparatively much lower cost and shorter delivery periods. A pump was installed at a suitable site for generation of electricity, while running in turbine mode. It was initially estimated that the Pump as Turbine, PaT would be able to generate about 70 kW of power based on the available flow rate and head parameters at the site. Currently only half of that power is being generated by the PaT, under study. Efforts are underway to rectify the problems being faced and improve the power generation capacity of the installed unit. This paper discusses the problems associated with the use of PaT and measures being undertaken to make it feasible for the use of micro-hydro systems. Two major issues; draft tube design and presence of trash in the canal water, responsible for performance deterioration have been discussed in this paper.

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Cryopreservation of South American Neotropical Fish Sperm: Current Status

Cryobiology ◽

10.1016/j.cryobiol.2021.11.107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Danilo Streit ◽

Rômulo Rodrigues ◽

Ana Carina Vasconcelos ◽

Eduardo Sanches ◽

Jayme Povh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

South American ◽

Neotropical Fish ◽

Fish Sperm

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Marine parasites as biological tags in South American Atlantic waters, current status and perspectives

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182013002138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (1) ◽

pp. 5-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

D. M. P. CANTATORE ◽

J. T. TIMI

Keyword(s):

Current Status ◽

Future Research ◽

Fish Stock ◽

South American ◽

Fish Parasite ◽

New Paradigm ◽

Essential Information ◽

Fisheries Science ◽

Ecosystem Boundaries ◽

Biological Tags

SUMMARYMany marine fisheries in South American Atlantic coasts (SAAC) are threatened by overfishing and under serious risk of collapsing. The SAAC comprises a diversity of environments, possesses a complex oceanography and harbours a vast biodiversity that provide an enormous potential for using parasites as biological tags for fish stock delineation, a prerequisite for the implementation of control and management plans. Here, their use in the SAAC is reviewed. Main evidence is derived from northern Argentine waters, where fish parasite assemblages are dominated by larval helminth species that share a low specificity, long persistence and trophic transmission, parasitizing almost indiscriminately all available fish species. The advantages and constraints of such a combination of characteristics are analysed and recommendations are given for future research. Shifting the focus from fish/parasite populations to communities allows expanding the concept of biological tags from local to regional scales, providing essential information to delineate ecosystem boundaries for host communities. This new concept arose as a powerful tool to help the implementation of ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management, the new paradigm for fisheries science. Holistic approaches, including parasites as biological tags for stock delineation will render valuable information to help insure fisheries and marine ecosystems against further depletion and collapse.

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The Research on Electric Power Enterprise Trainer Management System

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.951 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 733 ◽

pp. 951-954

Author(s):

Li Li Yuan ◽

Lin Liu ◽

Bai Li Yuan ◽

Bin Li

Keyword(s):

Electric Power ◽

Computer Technology ◽

Management System ◽

Paper Analysis ◽

Current Status ◽

Power Enterprise ◽

Intelligent Computer ◽

Electric Power Enterprise

This paper discusses the necessity of the management for power enterprise trainer. It proposed the use of intelligent computer technology to build electric power enterprise trainer management system according to the current status of the work of power. This paper analysis the current needs of the power of corporate trainer and proposed the overall architecture of power enterprise trainer management system, and design the function of each subsystem.

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Unit-Based Emissions Inventory for Electric Power Systems in Kuwait: Current Status and Future Predictions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11205758 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (20) ◽

pp. 5758 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nawaf S. Alhajeri ◽

Fahad M. Al-Fadhli ◽

Ahmed Z. Aly

Keyword(s):

Power Systems ◽

Electric Power ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Electric Power Systems ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Current Status ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Heavy Fuel Oil ◽

Emissions Inventory

Obtaining accurate estimates of emissions from electric power systems is essential for predicting air quality and evaluating the effectiveness of any future control technologies. This paper aimed to develop unit-based emissions inventories for electric power systems in Kuwait using different parameters, including fuel specifications and consumption, combustion technology and its efficiency, unit capacity, and boiler type. The study also estimated the future emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, and PM10 up to the year 2030 using a multivariate regression model in addition to predicting future energy demand. The results showed that annual (2010–2015) emissions of all air pollutants, excluding SO2 and PM10, increased over the study period. CO had the greatest increase of 41.9%, whereas SO2 levels decreased the most by 13% over the 2010 levels, due to the replacement of heavy fuel oil. Energy consumption in 2015 stood at approximately 86 PJ, with natural gas, gas oil, crude oil, and heavy fuel oil making up 51.2%, 10.7%, 3.1%, and 35%, respectively. Energy demand was projected to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. The required installed capacity to meet this demand was estimated to be approximately 21.8 GW (a 34% increase in capacity compared to 2015 levels). The projected emission rates showed that, of the five air pollutants, SO2 and PM10 are expected to decrease by 2030 by 34% and 11%, respectively. However, peak monthly emissions of SO2 would still only be 14% lower compared to the 2015 monthly average. In contrast, emission levels are projected to increase by 34.3%, 54.8%, and 71.8% for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively, by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. Accordingly, a more ambitious target of renewables penetration needs to be adopted to reduce emission levels going forward.

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