Micro-Hydro Power Systems: Current Status and Future Research in Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javed A. Chattha ◽  
Mohammad S. Khan ◽  
Anwar ul-Haque
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Power Load ◽  
Custom Made

The total installed electric power capacity of Pakistan is about 20,000 MW. Pakistan is currently facing a power deficit of about 4,000 MW. This deficit is creating huge difficulties for the consumers as electrical power load shedding has become a norm in all over the country. Currently only about 33% of the total power is being produced by hydro sources and major electric power is still produced by burning oil and gas. The hydro potential of Pakistan is estimated to be about 41 GW, out of which 1,290 MW can be generated by micro-hydro systems. These potential off grid micro-hydro systems are very essential for the consumers living in the remote areas of Pakistan and may be installed on canals and water falls which are abundant in the remote areas. This paper discusses the potential and the status of installed of hydro power systems in Pakistan. Cross flow turbines are being manufactured in Pakistan and are usually quite successful for micro-hydro systems. However, cross flow turbines are not suitable for majority of the prospective site conditions. Furthermore, custom made conventional turbines are not mass produced and for the micro-hydro systems, standard centrifugal pumps may be used as turbines. These centrifugal pumps are easily available in the market at comparatively much lower cost and shorter delivery periods. A pump was installed at a suitable site for generation of electricity, while running in turbine mode. It was initially estimated that the Pump as Turbine, PaT would be able to generate about 70 kW of power based on the available flow rate and head parameters at the site. Currently only half of that power is being generated by the PaT, under study. Efforts are underway to rectify the problems being faced and improve the power generation capacity of the installed unit. This paper discusses the problems associated with the use of PaT and measures being undertaken to make it feasible for the use of micro-hydro systems. Two major issues; draft tube design and presence of trash in the canal water, responsible for performance deterioration have been discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Unit-Based Emissions Inventory for Electric Power Systems in Kuwait: Current Status and Future Predictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawaf S. Alhajeri ◽  
Fahad M. Al-Fadhli ◽  
Ahmed Z. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Emissions Inventory

Obtaining accurate estimates of emissions from electric power systems is essential for predicting air quality and evaluating the effectiveness of any future control technologies. This paper aimed to develop unit-based emissions inventories for electric power systems in Kuwait using different parameters, including fuel specifications and consumption, combustion technology and its efficiency, unit capacity, and boiler type. The study also estimated the future emissions of NOx, SO2, CO, CO2, and PM10 up to the year 2030 using a multivariate regression model in addition to predicting future energy demand. The results showed that annual (2010–2015) emissions of all air pollutants, excluding SO2 and PM10, increased over the study period. CO had the greatest increase of 41.9%, whereas SO2 levels decreased the most by 13% over the 2010 levels, due to the replacement of heavy fuel oil. Energy consumption in 2015 stood at approximately 86 PJ, with natural gas, gas oil, crude oil, and heavy fuel oil making up 51.2%, 10.7%, 3.1%, and 35%, respectively. Energy demand was projected to grow at an annualized rate of 2.8% by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. The required installed capacity to meet this demand was estimated to be approximately 21.8 GW (a 34% increase in capacity compared to 2015 levels). The projected emission rates showed that, of the five air pollutants, SO2 and PM10 are expected to decrease by 2030 by 34% and 11%, respectively. However, peak monthly emissions of SO2 would still only be 14% lower compared to the 2015 monthly average. In contrast, emission levels are projected to increase by 34.3%, 54.8%, and 71.8% for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively, by 2030 compared to 2015 levels. Accordingly, a more ambitious target of renewables penetration needs to be adopted to reduce emission levels going forward.

Application of Wind and Small Hydro Energy Sources for Rural Electric Power Supply in Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 62-64 ◽  
pp. 512-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyi Jimoh ◽  
Yusuf Jibril ◽  
Muhammed Bashir Mu’azu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Electrical Loads

The paper looks into the possibilities of using available renewable resources in rural areas for electric power generation for remote consumers. Based on meteorological data (the hourly wind speed) collected and analyzed for Dapchi, a north eastern rural settlement of Nigeria, coupled with hydrological data of River Kamadougu Gena, the hourly power produced from a hybrid power system comprising of wind and small hydro power systems is evaluated and considered as a supply source to electrical loads of the settlement.

Statistical Analysis for Shipboard Electrical Power Plant Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Wolfe ◽  
Morgan M. Fanberg
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Electric Power Plants ◽  
Power Load ◽  
False Sense

The traditional electric power load analysis (EPLA) uses a very basic routine of assigning demand factors to each connected electric load, then summing these to arrive at an estimated power plant load. This method is overly simplistic, gives a false sense of certainty, and does not accurately reflect vessel operations. This paper will describe an alternative to traditional methods of determining ratings and configurations for electric power plants during vessel concept and preliminary design. This method uses statistical methods to calculate a range of possible power plant demand. Resulting data can be used to evaluate power plant configurations with respect to design risk, vessel operating profiles, and potential limitations. The ability to better evaluate the complete range of required electric power across all operating profiles increases in importance as vessel power plants become more sophisticated with the introduction of variable speed generation, battery/hybrid power systems, DC power distribution, and distributed load centers.

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