scholarly journals Software Diversity as a Measure for Reducing Development Risk

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Popov ◽  
Andrey Povyakalo ◽  
Vladimir Stankovic ◽  
Lorenzo Strigini
Keyword(s):  
Software Diversity ◽  
Development Risk

Drug development risk in HIV-1 clinical trials: the effect of drug class

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J.W. Osborne ◽  
Rupert Kaul ◽  
Jayson L. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Development Risk ◽  
Hiv 1

EXPERIENCE IN METRICS AND MEASUREMENTS FOR N-VERSION PROGRAMMING

1994 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL R. LYU ◽  
JIA-HONG CHEN ◽  
ALGIRDAS AVIŽIENIS
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Control Software ◽  
Baseline Design ◽  
Software Diversity ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Design Diversity ◽  
Diversity Measurement

The N-Version Programming (NVP) approach applies the idea of design diversity to obtain fault-tolerant software units, called N-Version Software (NVS) units. The effectiveness of this approach is examined by the software diversity achieved in the member versions of an NVS unit. We define and formalize the concept of design diversity and software diversity in this paper. Design diversity is a property naturally applicable to the NVP process to increase its fault-tolerance attributes. The baseline design diversity is characterized by the employment of independent programming teams in the NVP. More design diversity investigations could be enforced in the NVP design process, including different languages, different tools, different algorithms, and different methodologies. Software diversity is the resulting dissimilarities appearing in the NVS member versions. We characterize it from four different points of view that are designated as: structural diversity, fault diversity, tough-spot diversity, and failure diversity. Our goals are to find a way to quantify software diversity and to investigate the measurements which can be applied during the life cycle of NVS to gain confidence that operation will be dependable when NVS is actually employed. The versions from a six-language N-Version Programming project for fault-tolerant flight control software were used in the software diversity measurement.

Automatic Software Diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Larsen ◽  
Stefan Brunthaler ◽  
Michael Franz
Keyword(s):  
Software Diversity ◽  
Automatic Software

scholarly journals Speech disorders in young and preschool children

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
K. V. Yagunova ◽  
D. D. Gaynetdinova
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Speech Therapist ◽  
Unified Classification System ◽  
Development Risk ◽  
Normal Speech

With every coming year more and more children suffer from speech problems, making their parents visit various specialists (pediatrician, neurologist, speech therapist, defectologist), who use their diagnostic techniques to detect speech disorders. The absence of a unified classification system and diagnostics leads to the late correction of speech disorders. The article considers main reasons for disturbances in normal speech development, risk factors of speech pathology, clinical manifestations of some types of speech disorders, various approaches to diagnosis and systematization of speech disorders.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the lack of conflict of interest and financial support, which should be reported.

scholarly journals PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION MARKERS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

2018 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Podzolkov ◽  
A. E. Bragina ◽  
N. A. Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Increase ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Development Risk

Aim. Assessment of prognostic significance of endothelial dysfunction markers: stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx), von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1 (E1), homocysteine and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in essential hypertension (EAH) patients not taking antihypertension therapy systematically.Material  and  methods. Totally, 12 EAH patients investigated (45 males, 79 females) (mean age 51,4±6,5 y. o., mean duration of AH 7,9±7,3 y.). Concentration of NOx in plasma was measured by spectrophotometry, and of vWF, homocysteine, E1 and tPA — by immune enzyme assay.Results. By the increase of SCORE risk level, there was significant increase of concentrations of NOx, E1, homocysteine and vWF in EAH patients (p<0,05), there were no changes in tPA levels (p>0,05). In 8 (8±1,1) years after baseline assessment, 115 patients were assessed second time. Of those 13 (11,3%) had cardiovascular events (CVE) and 5 (4,3%) died. By single factorial regression, the rate of CVE in EAH patients relate to homocystein level (р=0,01), NOx (р=0,001) and vWF (р=0,001). By multifactorial analysis, prognostic statistical significance is found for NOx (relative risk (RR) =3,8, р=0,006) and vWF (RR =3,5, р=0,005). In ROC-analysis there were found threshold levels of NOx (>46,6 mcM/L, AUC =0,863) and vWF (>1,68 mg/dL, AUC =0,738), the increase of which is followed by CVE development risk for the levels of NOx >46,6 mcM/L 3,8 times (sensitivity 81,9% and specificity 65,8%), vWF >1,68 mg/dL — 3,5 times (sensitivity 74,3% and specificity 62,7%). Combination of the parameters point on the risk increase up to 6,5 times (р=0,00007).Conclusion. NOx with the threshold of >46,6 mcM/L (RR =3,8) and vWF >1,68 mg/dL (RR =3,5) do show independent prognostic value for 5-year CVE risk assessment in EAH patients that can be applied as an additional method for risk stratification to estimate a group for more aggressive therapy and CVE prevention.

scholarly journals Advantages of osteoarthritis combined treatment with symptomatic slow-acting drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
E. V. Zonova
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Phenotypes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Combined Drugs ◽  
Development Risk ◽  
Overall Mortality

The effectiveness of combined drugs, consisting of chondroitin and glucosamine (GA) in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) is discussed. Due to their high safety and pleiotropic effects, these drugs can be used in patients with OA (primarily with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes) and comorbid diseases. The effect of oral chondroitin and GA on the intestinal microbiota is described: regulation of the composition, metabolic and immunological activity of intestinal microbiota. The relationship between the regular administration of chondroitin and GA and decrease in overall mortality and mortality from cardiovascular diseases, as well as the decrease of malignancy development risk is marked.

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