Algebraic structures of interval truth values in fuzzy logic

Author(s):  
M. Mukaidono
Author(s):  
Radim Belohlavek ◽  
Joseph W. Dauben ◽  
George J. Klir

The term “fuzzy logic” (FL) is a generic one, which stands for a broad variety of logical systems. Their common ground is the rejection of the most fundamental principle of classical logic—the principle of bivalence—according to which each declarative sentence has exactly two possible truth values—true and false. Each logical system subsumed under FL allows for additional, intermediary truth values, which are interpreted as degrees of truth. These systems are distinguished from one another by the set of truth degrees employed, its algebraic structure, truth functions chosen for logical connectives, and other properties. The book examines from the historical perspective two areas of research on fuzzy logic known as fuzzy logic in the narrow sense (FLN) and fuzzy logic in the broad sense (FLB), which have distinct research agendas. The agenda of FLN is the development of propositional, predicate, and other fuzzy logic calculi. The agenda of FLB is to emulate commonsense human reasoning in natural language and other unique capabilities of human beings. In addition to FL, the book also examines mathematics based on FL. One chapter in the book is devoted to overviewing successful applications of FL and the associated mathematics in various areas of human affairs. The principal aim of the book is to assess the significance of FL and especially its significance for mathematics. For this purpose, the notions of paradigms and paradigm shifts in science, mathematics, and other areas are introduced and employed as useful metaphors.


Author(s):  
Mai Gehrke ◽  
Carol Walker ◽  
Elbert Walker

The setup of a mathematical propositional logic is given in algebraic terms, describing exactly when two choices of truth value algebras give the same logic. The propositional logic obtained when the algebra of truth values is the real numbers in the unit interval equipped with minimum, maximum and -x=1-x for conjunction, disjunction and negation, respectively, is the standard propositional fuzzy logic. This is shown to be the same as three-valued logic. The propositional logic obtained when the algebra of truth values is the set {(a, b)|a≤ b and a,b∈[0,1]} of subintervals of the unit interval with component-wise operations, is propositional interval-valued fuzzy logic. This is shown to be the same as the logic given by a certain four element lattice of truth values. Since both of these logics are equivalent to ones given by finite algebras, it follows that there are finite algorithms for determining when two statements are logically equivalent within either of these logics. On this topic, normal forms are discussed for both of these logics.


1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esko Turunen

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl W. Entemann
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Oleg Domanov

The article deals with a fazzy variant of P. Martin-Löf ’s intuitionistic type theory. It presents the overview of fuzzy type theory rules and an example of its application to the analysis of the persuasiveness of argumentation. In the latter, the truth values of fuzzy logic are interpreted as degrees of persuasiveness of statements and arguments. The formalization is implemented in the proof assistant Agda.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adwitya Rai Paramaartha ◽  
Rikip Ginanjar
Keyword(s):  

Smartphone is one of the most important things for people nowadays. The increasing number of products as well as the amount information carried by each brand of smartphone can overload, there are many things to consider before buying a smartphone. Fuzzy logic is a form of many- valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. Fuzzy logic is one method to analyze system containing uncertainty. This study aims to use fuzzy logic in helping people make decisions on buying the most suitable smartphone for them by producing an output value that can help the user to determine which smartphone will be purchased based on user’s ideal criteria of a smartphone.


Author(s):  
Peter Simons

This chapter explores a third way in construing modality—rejecting both linguistic accounts and the polycosmism of possible world theory—in the work of Alexis Meinong and Jan Łukasiewicz. Some of Meinong’s non-existent objects are incomplete, so in 1915 he accounts for objective probability (he says possibility) with an idea of degrees of truth: the proposition ‘My draw of a card from the pack tomorrow will be a king’ is neither simply wholly true nor wholly false, regardless of the draw I will actually make tomorrow, but has a degree of truth corresponding to the proportion of kings in a pack, between 0 and 1. Łukasiewicz, inventor of fuzzy logic, visited Meinong in Graz, and in 1913 published his own work on probability, suggesting some propositions are indefinite and have truth values between and 0 and 1; then in 1917 he began to extend this to definite propositions about future contingencies.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Xiangyu Ma ◽  
Xuejiao Wang

The concept of basic implication algebra (BI-algebra) has been proposed to describe general non-classical implicative logics (such as associative or non-associative fuzzy logic, commutative or non-commutative fuzzy logic, quantum logic). However, this algebra structure does not have enough characteristics to describe residual implications in depth, so we propose a new concept of strong BI-algebra, which is exactly the algebraic abstraction of fuzzy implication with pseudo-exchange principle (PEP). Furthermore, in order to describe the characteristics of the algebraic structure corresponding to the non-commutative fuzzy logics, we extend strong BI-algebra to the non-commutative case, and propose the concept of pseudo-strong BI (SBI)-algebra, which is the common extension of quantum B-algebras, pseudo-BCK/BCI-algebras and other algebraic structures. We establish the filter theory and quotient structure of pseudo-SBI- algebras. Moreover, based on prequantales, semi-uninorms, t-norms and their residual implications, we introduce the concept of residual pseudo-SBI-algebra, which is a common extension of (non-commutative) residual lattices, non-associative residual lattices, and also a special kind of residual partially-ordered groupoids. Finally, we investigate the filters and quotient algebraic structures of residuated pseudo-SBI-algebras, and obtain a unity frame of filter theory for various algebraic systems.


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