NeT-Vent: Low-Cost, Rapidly Scalable and IoT-enabled Smart Invasive Mechanical Ventilator with adaptive control to reduce incidences of Pulmonary Barotrauma in SARS-CoV-2 patients

This paper presents the development of a resolved motion adaptive control which adopts the ideas of “resolved motion rate control” [8] and “resolved motion acceleration control” [10] to control a manipulator in Cartesian coordinates for various loading conditions. The proposed adaptive control is performed at the hand level and is based on the linearized perturbation system along a desired hand trajectory. The controlled system is characterized by feedforward and feedback components which can be computed separately and simultaneously. The feedforward component resolves the specified positions, velocities, and accelerations of the hand into a set of values of joint positions, velocities, and accelerations from which the nominal joint torques are computed using the Newton-Euler equations of motion to compensate all the interaction forces among the various joints. The feedback component consisting of recursive least square identification scheme and an optimal adaptive self-tuning controller for the linearized system computes the perturbation torques which reduce the manipulator hand position and velocity errors along the nominal hand trajectory. The feasibility of implementing the proposed adaptive control using present day low-cost microprocessors is explored.

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Design and Prototyping of a Low-Cost Portable Mechanical Ventilator

Journal of Medical Devices ◽

10.1115/1.3442790 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Abdul Mohsen Al Husseini ◽

Heon Ju Lee ◽

Justin Negrete ◽

Stephen Powelson ◽

Amelia Tepper Servi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tidal Volume ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mass Casualty ◽

Control Mode ◽

Mechanical Ventilator ◽

Viable Option ◽

Relief Valve ◽

Expiration Time ◽

The Cost ◽

User Friendly

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low-cost portable mechanical ventilator for use in mass casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for a human operator for the BVM. An initial prototype was built out of acrylic, measuring 11.25×6.7×8 in.3 and weighing 9 lbs. It is driven by an electric motor powered by a 14.8 VDC battery and features an adjustable tidal volume up to a maximum of 750 ml. Tidal volume and number of breaths per minute are set via user-friendly input knobs. The prototype also features an assist-control mode and an alarm to indicate overpressurization of the system. Future iterations of the device will include a controllable inspiration to expiration time ratio, a pressure relief valve, PEEP capabilities, and an LCD screen. With a prototyping cost of only $420, the bulk-manufacturing price for the ventilator is estimated to be less than $200. Through this prototype, the strategy of cam-actuated BVM compression is proven to be a viable option to achieve low-cost, low-power portable ventilator technology that provides essential ventilator features at a fraction of the cost of existing technology.

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Cerebral Arterial Air Embolism Associated with Mechanical Ventilation and Deep Tracheal Aspiration

Case Reports in Pulmonology ◽

10.1155/2012/416360 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-2 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. Gursoy ◽

C. Duger ◽

K. Kaygusuz ◽

I. Ozdemir Kol ◽

B. Gurelik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Respiratory Activity ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Air Embolism ◽

Mechanical Ventilator ◽

Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽

Cranial Ct ◽

Tracheal Aspiration

Arterial air embolism associated with pulmonary barotrauma has been considered a rare but a well-known complication of mechanical ventilation. A 65-year-old man, who had subarachnoid hemorrhage with Glasgow coma scale of 8, was admitted to intensive care unit and ventilated with the help of mechanical ventilator. Due to the excessive secretions, deep tracheal aspirations were made frequently. GCS decreased from 8–10 to 4-5, and the patient was reevaluated with cranial CT scan. In CT scan, air embolism was detected in the cerebral arteries. The patient deteriorated and spontaneous respiratory activity lost just after the CT investigation. Thirty minutes later cardiac arrest appeared. Despite the resuscitation, the patient died. We suggest that pneumonia and frequent tracheal aspirations are predisposing factors for cerebral vascular air embolism.

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Low-cost robust adaptive control of nonlinear uncertain systems with application to helicopters

2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC) ◽

10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531246 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhixi Shen ◽

Shuyan Zhou ◽

Yongduan Song

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

Uncertain Systems ◽

Low Cost ◽

Robust Adaptive Control ◽

Nonlinear Uncertain Systems ◽

Robust Adaptive

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10D: Feasibility Study of a Novel Low-cost Brazilian Emergency Mechanical Ventilator

10.21203/rs.3.rs-77408/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Uri Adrian Prync Flato ◽

Patricia C. dos Santos ◽

Fábio Manhoso ◽

Fernanda Mesquita Serva ◽

Jeferson Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Ventilation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Animal Experiments ◽

Mechanical Ventilator ◽

Mechanical Ventilators ◽

Group I ◽

Emergency Transport ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Background: The current need for pulmonary mechanical ventilation related to COVID-19 exceeds the ability of health systems worldwide to acquire and produce mechanical ventilators. The major cause of mortality in patients with this disease is hypoxemia secondary to an inflammatory storm in the lungs associated with thrombotic events. A partnership was established between the university and the private engineering and industrial automation sector to concept and design novel a low-cost emergency mechanical ventilator that could be rapidly available for use in emergency, transport or low-resource health care system, and attend the urgent demand of artificial respiratory system that is need worldwide. It was evaluated the viability of oxygenation and pulmonary ventilation with an emergency mechanical ventilation device called 10D-EMV in animal experiments. A two-stage sequential adaptive study was conducted in 10 sheep, divided into group I (PEEP valve close to the device) and group II (PEEP valve distal to the device). Each animal underwent mechanical ventilation for a total of 120 minutes. Results: The mean oxygenation in group I and group II were 368 mmHg and 366 mmHg, respectively, while the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 58 mmHg and 48 mmHg. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the viability of the 10D device as a novel proposed emergency mechanical ventilator, in order to attend the pandemics demand. Further clinical studies in humans are needed to assess its safety and efficacy.

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Design Construction and Performance Test of a Low-Cost Pandemic Ventilator for Breathing Support

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2374-2380

Author(s):

Ankit D. Bhoyar

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Low Cost ◽

Ventilatory Support ◽

Mass Casualty ◽

Automated System ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Mechanical Ventilator ◽

Manual Operation ◽

Wooden Frame ◽

Short Period

Abstract: Mass casualty incidents such as those that are being experienced during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic can overwhelm local healthcare systems, where the number of casualties exceeds local resources and capabilities in a short period of time. The introduction of patients with worsening lung function as a result of COVID-19 has strained traditional ventilator supplies. Mechanical ventilator is a medical device which is usually utilized to ventilate patients who cannot breathe adequately on their own. Among many types of ventilators Bag Valve Mask (BVM) is a manual ventilator in which a bag is pressed to deliver air into the lungs of the patient. In present work, a mechanical system along with speed controller has been developed to automate the operation of BVM. The constructed prototype contains crank, powered by servo motor, supported by wooden frame. To bridge the gap during ventilator shortages and to help clinicians triage patients, manual resuscitator devices can be used to deliver respirations to a patient requiring breathing support. With principal dimensions of 0.54*0.64 m2 , bvm weighs 0.9 kg and DC power convertor for supplying power for a continuous operation, the prototype can be moved easily. The dimensions of the frame are selected as such to be compatible with the physical dimension of Ambu bag. The performance of the device was tested using Airflow meter which illustrates that the Tidal Volume vs. Time graph of the automated system is similar to the graph produced by manual operation of the BVM, but with a mean deviation of 0.182 Litres with manual operation and 0.1 Litres with prototype. For patients who require ventilatory support, manual ventilation is a vital procedure. It has to be performed by experienced healthcare providers that are regularly trained for the use of bag-valve-mask (BVM) in emergency situations. Keywords: Mechanical Ventilator, Automated BVM, BPM, COVID-19, Ventilator design, Airflow meter

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Adaptive Control of Structural Acoustics using Intelligent Structures with Embedded Piezoelectric Patches

Journal of Vibration and Control ◽

10.1177/1077546304030676 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1285-1302

Author(s):

Kougen Ma ◽

J Melcher

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Control ◽

Digital Signal Processor ◽

Feedforward Control ◽

Low Cost ◽

Digital Signal ◽

Structural Acoustics ◽

Intelligent Structures ◽

Control Scheme ◽

Hybrid Adaptive Control ◽

Adaptive Feedforward

In this paper we focus on the adaptive control of structural acoustics using intelligent structures with embedded piezoelectric (PZT) patches and low cost digital signal processor systems. After a discussion on the adaptive feedforward control scheme, a hybrid adaptive control scheme is proposed, which takes advantage of both feedback control and adaptive feedforward control. The two schemes are realized on a low-cost, small volume, convenient and universal digital signal processing (DSP) board. A carbon fiber reinforced polymer plate with two embedded PZT patches is developed and used in two experiments. The first experiment is adaptive interior noise control using the intelligent plate, in which the adaptive feedforward control scheme is employed. Obvious noise reduction is obtained for constant frequency, swept frequency and varying amplitude harmonic disturbances. The second experiment is adaptive control of sound-induced vibration of the plate, where two embedded PZT patches are used as an actuator and a sensor, respectively, and the hybrid adaptive controller is applied. The full vibration reduction for various harmonic excitations is obtained, verifying the advantage of the hybrid adaptive control. It is demonstrated that active control of structural acoustics can be efficiently achieved by employing intelligent structures, advanced adaptive control schemes and the low-cost DSP board.

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