A low cost, low oxygen consumption mechanical ventilator to meet a pandemic surge

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (Sup 44) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
M. Thornton ◽  
D. Williams ◽  
J. Dingley
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Low Oxygen

scholarly journals Computational Fluidic Modeling of a Low‐Cost Fluidic Oscillator for Conversion of a CPAP Machine into an Emergency Use Mechanical Ventilator

2021 ◽  
pp. 2000112
Author(s):  
Tom Dillon ◽  
Caglar Ozturk ◽  
Keegan Mendez ◽  
Luca Rosalia ◽  
Samuel Dutra Gollob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Fluidic Oscillator

scholarly journals The Function of the Gills of Mayfly Nymphs from Different Habitats

1939 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. WINGFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Respiratory Mechanism ◽  
Tracheal Gills ◽  
Cloeon Dipterum ◽  
Gill Function ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

1. The oxygen consumption of normal and gill-less nymphs of the mayflies Baetis sp., Cloeon dipterum and Ephemera vulgata has been measured at various oxygen concentrations. 2. It has been found that over the complete range of oxygen concentrations studied, the tracheal gills do not aid oxygen consumption in Baetis sp. In Cloeon dipterum, at all oxygen concentrations tested, no gaseous exchange takes place through the gills; at low oxygen concentrations, however, the gills function as an accessory respiratory mechanism in ventilating the respiratory surface of the body and so aid oxygen consumption. In Ephemera Vulgata the gills aid oxygen consumption even at high oxygen concentrations. In this species the gills may function both as true respiratory organs and as a ventilating mechanism. 3. It is shown that the differences in gill function can be related to the oxygen content of the habitat of each species.

Embryonic oxygen consumption and growth of Laysan and black-footed albatross

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. R121-R128 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Pettit ◽  
G. S. Grant ◽  
G. C. Whittow ◽  
H. Rahn ◽  
C. V. Paganelli
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Embryonic Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Respiration

The constraints placed on diffusive gas exchange by the eggshell and the adaptive features of embryonic respiration and metabolism in large Laysan and black-footed albatross eggs (300 g) during prolonged incubation (65 days) were examined in naturally incubated eggs on Sand Island, Midway, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. A low eggshell gas conductance and slow growth rate were associated with a relatively low oxygen consumption (MO2) throughout incubation. Just prior to internal pipping (IP) of the inner shell membrane and penetration of the air space, the MO2 (pre-IP MO2) was approximately 1,250 ml O2 (STPD).day-1 for both species, resulting in air cell O2 and CO2 tensions of 106 and 40 Torr, respectively. During the 4- to 5-day pipping-to-hatching interval, O2 uptake increases rapidly as pulmonary respiration is initiated. Hatchling O2 consumption averaged 3,700 ml O2 (STPD).day-1 or about three times the pre-IP MO2. Data support the hypothesis that embryonic metabolism among Procellariiformes is related to the extent to which the incubation period deviates from the expected value based on initial egg mass.

scholarly journals Toward Respiratory Support of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Using Repurposed Kidney Hollow Fiber Membrane Dialysers to Oxygenate the Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
David M. Rubin ◽  
Neil T. Stacey ◽  
Tonderayi Matambo ◽  
Claudia Do Vale ◽  
Martin J. Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted resource constraints in respiratory support. The oxygen transfer characteristics of a specific hollow fiber membrane dialyser was investigated with a view to repurposing the device as a low-cost, readily available blood oxygenator. Oxygen transfer in a low-flux hollow fiber dialyser with a polysulfone membrane was studied by passing first water and then blood through the dialyser in countercurrent to high-purity oxygen. Oxygen transfer rates of about 15% of the nominal 250 ml (STP)/min of a typical adult oxygen consumption rate were achieved for blood flow rates of 500 ml/min. Using two such dialysis devices in parallel could provide up to 30% of the nominal oxygen consumption. Specific hollow fiber dialysis devices operating with suitable pumps in a veno-venous access configuration could provide a cost-effective and readily available supplementation of respiratory support in the face of severe resource constraints.

Oxidative phosphorylation in cardiac infarct. Effect of glucose-KCl-insulin solution

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Calva ◽  
Adela Mujica ◽  
Abdo Bisteni ◽  
Demetrio Sodi-Pallares
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Respiratory Control ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Insulin Solution ◽  
Effect Of Glucose ◽  
Infarcted Tissue ◽  
Electrocardiographic Abnormalities

Myocardial infarction was produced in dogs by ligature of the anterior descending coronary artery. Sarcosomes were isolated from normal and infarcted tissue. Oxygen consumption was followed polarographically and adenosine triphosphate was measured as glucose 6-phosphate. One group of animals received a continuous infusion of glucose for 12 hr; another group received "polarizing solution" (glucose-KCl-insulin). Sarcosomes from the first had a low oxygen consumption, no respiratory control, and no oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, the administration of glucose-KCl-insulin solution maintained practically within normal limits these functional aspects of the sarcosomes. The reversal of electrocardiographic abnormalities by the administration of the polarizing solution coincided with improvement of such biochemical functions. Anesthesia and surgical handling did not appear to modify the behavior of the sarcosomes.

Selection for high and low oxygen consumption-induced differences in maintenance energy requirements of mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 959-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Darhan ◽  
Motoi Kikusato ◽  
Masaaki Toyomizu ◽  
Sang-gun Roh ◽  
Kazuo Katoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Selection For

Comparison of buffer and red blood cell perfusion of guinea pig heart oxygenation

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. H1819-H1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Schenkman ◽  
Daniel A. Beard ◽  
Wayne A. Ciesielski ◽  
Eric O. Feigl
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Perfused Hearts

Myocardial mean myoglobin oxygen saturation was determined spectroscopically from isolated guinea pig hearts perfused with red blood cells during increasing hypoxia. These experiments were undertaken to compare intracellular myoglobin oxygen saturation in isolated hearts perfused with a modest concentration of red blood cells (5% hematocrit) with intracellular myoglobin saturation previously reported from traditional buffer-perfused hearts. Studies were performed at 37°C with hearts paced at 240 beats/min and a constant perfusion pressure of 80 cmH2O. It was found that during perfusion with a hematocrit of 5%, baseline mean myoglobin saturation was 93% compared with 72% during buffer perfusion. Mean myoglobin saturation, ventricular function, and oxygen consumption remained fairly constant for arterial perfusate oxygen tensions above 100 mmHg and then decreased precipitously below 100 mmHg. In contrast, mean myoglobin saturation, ventricular function, and oxygen consumption began to decrease even at high oxygen tension with buffer perfusion. The present results demonstrate that perfusion with 5% red blood cells in the perfusate increases the baseline mean myoglobin saturation and better preserves cardiac function at low oxygen tension relative to buffer perfusion. These results suggest that caution should be used in extrapolating intracellular oxygen dynamics from buffer-perfused to blood-perfused hearts.

scholarly journals Design and Prototyping of a Low-Cost Portable Mechanical Ventilator

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mohsen Al Husseini ◽  
Heon Ju Lee ◽  
Justin Negrete ◽  
Stephen Powelson ◽  
Amelia Tepper Servi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Relief Valve ◽  
Expiration Time ◽  
The Cost ◽  
User Friendly

This paper describes the design and prototyping of a low-cost portable mechanical ventilator for use in mass casualty cases and resource-poor environments. The ventilator delivers breaths by compressing a conventional bag-valve mask (BVM) with a pivoting cam arm, eliminating the need for a human operator for the BVM. An initial prototype was built out of acrylic, measuring 11.25×6.7×8 in.3 and weighing 9 lbs. It is driven by an electric motor powered by a 14.8 VDC battery and features an adjustable tidal volume up to a maximum of 750 ml. Tidal volume and number of breaths per minute are set via user-friendly input knobs. The prototype also features an assist-control mode and an alarm to indicate overpressurization of the system. Future iterations of the device will include a controllable inspiration to expiration time ratio, a pressure relief valve, PEEP capabilities, and an LCD screen. With a prototyping cost of only $420, the bulk-manufacturing price for the ventilator is estimated to be less than $200. Through this prototype, the strategy of cam-actuated BVM compression is proven to be a viable option to achieve low-cost, low-power portable ventilator technology that provides essential ventilator features at a fraction of the cost of existing technology.

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