Real-time and accurate measurement of coal quantity is the key to energy-saving and speed regulation of belt conveyor. The electronic belt scale and the nuclear scale are the commonly used methods for detecting coal quantity. However, the electronic belt scale uses contact measurement with low measurement accuracy and a large error range. Although nuclear detection methods have high accuracy, they have huge potential safety hazards due to radiation. Due to the above reasons, this paper presents a method of coal quantity detection and classification based on machine vision and deep learning. This method uses an industrial camera to collect the dynamic coal quantity images of the conveyor belt irradiated by the laser transmitter. After preprocessing, skeleton extraction, laser line thinning, disconnection connection, image fusion, and filling, the collected images are processed to obtain coal flow cross-sectional images. According to the cross-sectional area and the belt speed of the belt conveyor, the coal volume per unit time is obtained, and the dynamic coal quantity detection is realized. On this basis, in order to realize the dynamic classification of coal quantity, the coal flow cross-section images corresponding to different coal quantities are divided into coal type images to establish the coal quantity data set. Then, a Dense-VGG network for dynamic coal classification is established by the VGG16 network. After the network training is completed, the dynamic classification performance of the method is verified through the experimental platform. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy reaches 94.34%, and the processing time of a single frame image is 0.270[Formula: see text]s.
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