Implementation of Authentication and Authorization System based on Digital Object Architecture

The proliferation of smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) networks creates significant security challenges for the communications between such devices. Blockchain is a decentralized and distributed technology that can potentially tackle the security problems within the 5G-enabled IoT networks. This paper proposes a Multi layer Blockchain Security model to protect IoT networks while simplifying the implementation. The concept of clustering is utilized in order to facilitate the multi-layer architecture. The K-unknown clusters are defined within the IoT network by applying techniques that utillize a hybrid Evolutionary Computation Algorithm while using Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms. The chosen cluster heads are responsible for local authentication and authorization. Local private blockchain implementation facilitates communications between the cluster heads and relevant base stations. Such a blockchain enhances credibility assurance and security while also providing a network authentication mechanism. The open-source Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain platform is deployed for the proposed model development. Base stations adopt a global blockchain approach to communicate with each other securely. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed clustering algorithm performs well when compared to the earlier reported approaches. The proposed lightweight blockchain model is also shown to be better suited to balance network latency and throughput as compared to a traditional global blockchain.

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A Secure and Scalable Smart Home Gateway to Bridge Technology Fragmentation

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21113587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 3587

Author(s):

Ezequiel Simeoni ◽

Eugenio Gaeta ◽

Rebeca I. García-Betances ◽

Dave Raggett ◽

Alejandro M. Medrano-Gil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smart Home ◽

Home Automation ◽

Dynamic Configuration ◽

Home Gateway ◽

Security Authentication ◽

Living Lab ◽

Automation Systems ◽

Authentication And Authorization ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Bridge Technology

Internet of Things (IoT) technologies are already playing an important role in our daily activities as we use them and rely on them to increase our abilities, connectivity, productivity and quality of life. However, there are still obstacles to achieving a unique interface able to transfer full control to users given the diversity of protocols, properties and specifications in the varied IoT ecosystem. Particularly for the case of home automation systems, there is a high degree of fragmentation that limits interoperability, increasing the complexity and costs of developments and holding back their real potential of positively impacting users. In this article, we propose implementing W3C’s Web of Things Standard supported by home automation ontologies, such as SAREF and UniversAAL, to deploy the Living Lab Gateway that allows users to consume all IoT devices from a smart home, including those physically wired and using KNX® technology. This work, developed under the framework of the EC funded Plan4Act project, includes relevant features such as security, authentication and authorization provision, dynamic configuration and injection of devices, and devices abstraction and mapping into ontologies. Its deployment is explained in two scenarios to show the achieved technology’s degree of integration, the code simplicity for developers and the system’s scalability: one consisted of external hardware interfacing with the smart home, and the other of the injection of a new sensing device. A test was executed providing metrics that indicate that the Living Lab Gateway is competitive in terms of response performance.

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Effects of Shading on Carbohydrates of Syzygium samarangense

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha47411637 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 1252-1257

Author(s):

Ying JIAN ◽

Guolin WU ◽

Donghui ZHOU ◽

Zhiqun HU ◽

Zhenxuan QUAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Digital Object ◽

Carbohydrate Accumulation ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Total Soluble Sugar ◽

Carbohydrate Levels

Wax apple (Syzygium samarangense) is an important tropical fruit tree cultivated in Southeast Asian. It produces red pear-like shape fruits. The fruit flesh is considered high in antioxidants, phenolics, and flavonoids that have a potential to contribute to the human healthy diet, and was proved to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial characteristics. To allow year-round marketing of high quality wax apple fruit, growers always perform shading to inhibit new flushes so as to repress vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth. To investigate the effect of shading on carbohydrates, wax apple trees were shaded with sun shade nets under field conditions. The effects of shading on shoot growth were studied and leaf carbohydrate levels of the trees were determined. The results showed that shading inhibit the the growth of the terminal shoots and promoted bud dormancy. Shading also reduced total soluble sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose, and starch levels of leaves. The results suggested that shading reduced carbohydrate accumulation and repressed vegetative growth. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 4, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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IMSC-EIoTD: Identity Management and Secure Communication for Edge IoT Devices

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20226546 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 6546

Author(s):

Kazi Masum Sadique ◽

Rahim Rahmani ◽

Paul Johannesson

Keyword(s):

Secure Communication ◽

Identity Management ◽

Security Protocols ◽

Spin Model ◽

The Internet ◽

Human Society ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Authentication And Authorization ◽

Quality Of Living ◽

Iot Devices

The Internet of things (IoT) will accommodate several billions of devices to the Internet to enhance human society as well as to improve the quality of living. A huge number of sensors, actuators, gateways, servers, and related end-user applications will be connected to the Internet. All these entities require identities to communicate with each other. The communicating devices may have mobility and currently, the only main identity solution is IP based identity management which is not suitable for the authentication and authorization of the heterogeneous IoT devices. Sometimes devices and applications need to communicate in real-time to make decisions within very short times. Most of the recently proposed solutions for identity management are cloud-based. Those cloud-based identity management solutions are not feasible for heterogeneous IoT devices. In this paper, we have proposed an edge-fog based decentralized identity management and authentication solution for IoT devices (IoTD) and edge IoT gateways (EIoTG). We have also presented a secure communication protocol for communication between edge IoT devices and edge IoT gateways. The proposed security protocols are verified using Scyther formal verification tool, which is a popular tool for automated verification of security protocols. The proposed model is specified using the PROMELA language. SPIN model checker is used to confirm the specification of the proposed model. The results show different message flows without any error.

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The Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

Publishing Research Quarterly ◽

10.1007/s12109-999-0022-2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 10-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Albert W. Simmonds

Keyword(s):

Digital Object Identifier ◽

Digital Object

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