Community Challenges and Prospects in the Operational Forecasting of Extreme Biomass Burning Smoke

La synergie entre campagnes de mesures et modélisation numérique a permis de faire fortement progresser notre compréhension des interactions sol-végétation-atmosphère. Ces progrès ont conduit à l'élaboration du modèle de surface Isba développé par Joël Noilhan et utilisé aujourd'hui encore dans les modèles de prévision opérationnelle de Météo-France. Cet article vise à illustrer l'apport des campagnes de mesures dans l'amélioration de nos connaissances des processus en surface à travers trois exemples, Hapex-Mobilhy pour l'étude du bilan hydrique, Carbo-Europe pour l'étude du bilan en carbone et l'étude du brouillard sur l'aéroport Paris-CdG pour l'influence des conditions de surface sur les nuages bas. The synergy between field experiments and numerical modeling has allowed to significantly advance our understanding of soil-vegetation-atmosphere interactions. This progress led to the ISBA surface model developed by Joël Noilhan and used today in Météo-France's operational forecasting models. This article aims to illustrate the contribution of field experiments in improving our knowledge of surface processes through three examples: Hapex-Mobilhy, Carbo-Europe, and the study of fog at Paris-CdG airport.

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Secondary organic aerosol formation from biomass burning emissions

10.5194/acp-2019-326 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher Y. Lim ◽

David H. Hagan ◽

Matthew M. Coggon ◽

Abigail R. Koss ◽

Kanako Sekimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Burning ◽

Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽

Total Concentration ◽

Organic Aerosol ◽

Oh Radicals ◽

Aerosol Formation ◽

Atmospheric Aging ◽

Aerosol Mass ◽

Photochemical Aging ◽

Organic Gases

Abstract. Biomass burning is an important source of aerosol and trace gases to the atmosphere, but how these emissions change chemically during their lifetimes is not fully understood. As part of the Fire Influence on Regional and Global Environments Experiment (FIREX 2016), we investigated the effect of photochemical aging on biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), with a focus on fuels from the western United States. Emissions were sampled into a small (150 L) environmental chamber and photochemically aged via the addition of ozone and irradiation by 254 nm light. While some fraction of species undergoes photolysis, the vast majority of aging occurs via reaction with OH radicals, with total OH exposures corresponding to the equivalent of up to 10 days of atmospheric oxidation. For all fuels burned, large and rapid changes are seen in the ensemble chemical composition of BBOA, as measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is seen for all aging experiments and continues to grow with increasing OH exposure, but the magnitude of the SOA formation is highly variable between experiments. This variability can be explained well by a combination of experiment-to-experiment differences in OH exposure and the total concentration of non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) in the chamber before oxidation, measured by PTR-ToF-MS (r2 values from 0.64 to 0.83). From this relationship, we calculate the fraction of carbon from biomass burning NMOGs that is converted to SOA as a function of equivalent atmospheric aging time, with carbon yields ranging from 24 ± 4 % after 6 hours to 56 ± 9 % after 4 days.

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Aerosol Characterization during the Summer 2017 Huge Fire Event on Mount Vesuvius (Italy) by Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13102001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2001

Author(s):

Antonella Boselli ◽

Alessia Sannino ◽

Mariagrazia D’Emilio ◽

Xuan Wang ◽

Salvatore Amoruso

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Ground Level ◽

Large Area ◽

Fire Event ◽

Near Surface ◽

Mean Values ◽

Microphysical Properties ◽

Observational Site ◽

Biomass Burning Aerosol

During the summer of 2017, multiple huge fires occurred on Mount Vesuvius (Italy), dispersing a large quantity of ash in the surrounding area ensuing the burning of tens of hectares of Mediterranean scrub. The fires affected a very large area of the Vesuvius National Park and the smoke was driven by winds towards the city of Naples, causing daily peak values of particulate matter (PM) concentrations at ground level higher than the limit of the EU air quality directive. The smoke plume spreading over the area of Naples in this period was characterized by active (lidar) and passive (sun photometer) remote sensing as well as near-surface (optical particle counter) observational techniques. The measurements allowed us to follow both the PM variation at ground level and the vertical profile of fresh biomass burning aerosol as well as to analyze the optical and microphysical properties. The results evidenced the presence of a layer of fine mode aerosol with large mean values of optical depth (AOD > 0.25) and Ångstrom exponent (γ > 1.5) above the observational site. Moreover, the lidar ratio and aerosol linear depolarization obtained from the lidar observations were about 40 sr and 4%, respectively, consistent with the presence of biomass burning aerosol in the atmosphere.

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Biomass Burning and Water Balance Dynamics in the Lake Chad Basin in Africa

Earth ◽

10.3390/earth2020020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 340-356

Author(s):

Forrest W. Black ◽

Jejung Lee ◽

Charles M. Ichoku ◽

Luke Ellison ◽

Charles K. Gatebe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Water Cycle ◽

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Southern Oscillation ◽

Wet Season ◽

Lake Chad ◽

Chad Basin ◽

Lake Chad Basin ◽

Logone Catchment

The present study investigated the effect of biomass burning on the water cycle using a case study of the Chari–Logone Catchment of the Lake Chad Basin (LCB). The Chari–Logone catchment was selected because it supplies over 90% of the water input to the lake, which is the largest basin in central Africa. Two water balance simulations, one considering burning and one without, were compared from the years 2003 to 2011. For a more comprehensive assessment of the effects of burning, albedo change, which has been shown to have a significant impact on a number of environmental factors, was used as a model input for calculating potential evapotranspiration (ET). Analysis of the burning scenario showed that burning grassland, which comprises almost 75% of the total Chari–Logone land cover, causes increased ET and runoff during the dry season (November–March). Recent studies have demonstrated that there is an increasing trend in the LCB of converting shrubland, grassland, and wetlands to cropland. This change from grassland to cropland has the potential to decrease the amount of water available to water bodies during the winter. All vegetative classes in a burning scenario showed a decrease in ET during the wet season. Although a decrease in annual precipitation in global circulation processes such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation would cause droughts and induce wildfires in the Sahel, the present study shows that a decrease in ET by the human-induced burning would cause a severe decrease in precipitation as well.

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