Fail Safe Operation of Audio Frequency Track Circuits for Railway Signalling

Author(s):  
C. Gautham Ram ◽  
A Nithya ◽  
V. Jayashankar ◽  
P. R. Goundan
Author(s):  
Song Qin ◽  
Nenad Mijatovic ◽  
Jeffrey Fries ◽  
James Kiss

Designed for detecting train presence on tracks, track circuits must maintain a level of high availability for railway signaling systems. Due to the fail-safe nature of these critical devices, any failures will result in a declaration of occupancy in a section of track which restricts train movements. It is possible to automatically diagnose and, in some cases, predict the failures of track circuits by performing analytics on the track signals. In order to perform these analytics, we need to study the coded signals transmitted to and received from the track. However, these signals consist of heterogeneous pulses that are noisy for data analysis. Thus, we need techniques which will automatically group homogeneous pulses into similar groups. In this paper, we present data cleansing techniques which will cluster pulses based on digital analysis and machine learning. We report the results of our evaluation of clustering algorithms that improve the quality of analytic data. The data were captured under revenue service conditions operated by Alstom. For clustering algorithm, we used the k-means algorithm to cluster heterogeneous pulses. By tailoring the parameters for this algorithm, we can control the pulses of the cluster, allowing for further analysis of the track circuit signals in order to gain insight regarding its performance.


1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1658-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Sterling ◽  
T Kiang ◽  
K Subramanian ◽  
M Saltman ◽  
W Smart ◽  
...  

Abstract We describe a multianalyte assay system for patient-side use comprising single-use plastic cartridges and a small monitor. Hemoglobin, glucose, and cholesterol can be simultaneously measured in 3 min in an unmeasured volume of blood. The sample is drawn by capillary action into four channels for delivery to assay-specific stacks containing a set of closely apposed layers. The distal layer is a membrane that acts as the optical surface for reflectance optics. For glucose and cholesterol assays, erythrocytes are removed by a fibrous filter layer and oxidase-peroxidase chemical reactions contained in the optical membrane generate a colored product. For hemoglobin measurement, blood is lysed by detergent contained in a porous disk. The amount of color reaching the optical membrane is measured by fiber optics. To ensure fail-safe operation, sensors verify sample sufficiency and degree of hemolysis. The assays perform comparably with laboratory methods.


2019 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Alexandrovich Sisin ◽  
◽  
Maxim Igorevich Shestakov ◽  

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