Impact of Various Factors on the Transesterification Reaction: Case of the biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil

Although many types of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to the transesterification reaction, some of them are unsuitable for industrial applications due to their high price and the extra preparation required to synthesize them. Calcium methoxide is a low cost, strong base with high catalytic activity and is thus commonly used in the biofuels synthesis process during the transesterification reaction. The objective of this study was to determine the optimized conversion in the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel production by using a homogenizer with a calcium methoxide catalyst. It was shown that the optimal reaction conditions are a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, 4 wt % Ca(OCH3)2, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a rotation speed of 7000 rpm, and a reaction time of 90 min. The conversion rate under these conditions reached 90.2%. Ca(OCH3)2 thus has potential as a catalyst for industrial use. In addition, with a homogenizer system, the reaction time for synthesizing calcium methoxide catalyst can be reduced by half compared to that for conventional water-bath heating. In addition, the large amount of waste water required in the oil-water separation step can be reduced by using calcium methoxide instead of a homogeneous catalyst, significantly reducing manufacturing costs.

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Continuous biodiesel production in a helicoidal reactor using ultrasound-assisted transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy ◽

10.1007/s10098-014-0790-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 273-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Armin Delavari ◽

Farah Halek ◽

Mohammad Amini

Keyword(s):

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

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CLAMSHELL AND SEA SAND AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS FOR WASTE COOKING OIL BASED BIODIESEL PRODUCTION VIA TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science ◽

10.17576/mjas-2018-2201-13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Sea Sand

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Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.594 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 723 ◽

pp. 594-598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nichaonn Chumuang ◽

Vittaya Punsuvon

Keyword(s):

Reaction Temperature ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Solid Base ◽

Base Catalyst ◽

Solid Base Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

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A TiO2 composite with graphitic carbon nitride as a photocatalyst for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra07796a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (59) ◽

pp. 37575-37583

Author(s):

Mahrukh Khan ◽

Humera Farah ◽

Naseem Iqbal ◽

Tayyaba Noor ◽

M. Zain Bin Amjad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nitride ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽

Cooking Oil

Catalyst TiO2/g-C3N4 composites was synthesized and tested for transesterification reaction of WCO at 60 °C (oil to methanol ratio 1 : 9) for 1 h. TiO2/ 20% g-C3N4 with 2% catalyst concentration has the highest yield of biodiesel production (89.5%).

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Optimization of Ostrich Eggshell Catalyst in Transesterification Using Waste Cooking Oil via Response Surface Methodology

Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering ◽

10.33736/jaspe.795.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 277-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yie Hua Yie Tan ◽

Mohammad Omar Abdullah ◽

Jibrail Kansedo ◽

Agus Saptoro ◽

Cirilo Nolasco Hipolito

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Ostrich Eggshell

In this research work, waste cooking oil biodiesel production was optimized using a design of experiment (DOE) approach: response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, three variables central composite design (CCD) to investigate the interaction effects of the different combination of transesterification reaction variables such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and time, using ostrich eggshell CaO base catalyst. A quadratic polynomial equation of the response, biodiesel yield was attained via multiple regression analysis to predict the relation between yield and the chosen variables. The results showed that the temperature and time are the most important process parameters on the biodiesel production. The optimal operating conditions for the transesterification reaction have been found to be: reaction temperature of 67 °C, alcohol/oil molar ratio of 10:1 (fixed parameter), catalyst concentration of 1.97 % w/w and reaction time of 1.77 h. The predicted biodiesel yield was about 99.67% under the optimal conditions through the ANOVA numerical method.

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Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14020437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽

Peir-Horng Liao ◽

Nguyen Vu Lan ◽

Shuhn-Shyurng Hou

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Microwave Power ◽

Acid Value ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Alkaline Catalyst ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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