scholarly journals Enhancement of Biodiesel Production from High-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oil via a Microwave Reactor Using a Homogeneous Alkaline Catalyst

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Peir-Horng Liao ◽  
Nguyen Vu Lan ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid

In this study, low quality oils (waste cooking oils) with high acid value (4.81 mg KOH/g) were utilized as the feedstocks for a transesterification reaction enhanced by additional microwave power and the use of an NaOH catalyst. The kinetics of the transesterification reaction under different reaction times and temperatures was studied. It was found that in the microwave-assisted transesterification reaction, the optimum conditions under a microwave power of 600 W were as follows: an NaOH catalyst of 0.8 wt %, a 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil, a reaction time of 2 min, and a reaction temperature of 65 °C. The conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel reached 98.2% after this short reaction time. This result conformed to 96.5% of the standard value of Taiwan CNS 15072. In addition, with increases in the reaction temperature from 55 to 65 °C, the reaction rate constant increased from 0.635 to 2.396 min−1, and the activation energy required for the transesterification reaction was 123.14 kJ/mole.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil and Its Performance on Four Strokes IC Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
B. S V S R Krishna ◽  
Shivaraj B K
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Cooking Oil

Majority of biodiesel is produced from plant oil (Jatropha, Pongamia, Mahua, Neem, Cotton seed oil etc.), which requires large land area to grow. The major drawback of production of biodiesel in large scale is the cost of raw materials. One of the satisfactory methods to limit the Biodiesel (Methyl esters) production cost is to employ low price/quality raw material, for instance biodiesel production using waste cooking oil (WCO). Simultaneously solves the disposal problem of waste cooking oil. This is socioeconomic and environment friendly and it does not compete with fresh food oil resources. Waste cooking oil collected from different hotels in and around Manipal/Udupi of Karnataka, India. Transesterification reaction of WCO with methanol in presence of alkaline catalyst KOH has been accomplished in transesterification reactor. Experiments have been carried out at different operating conditions viz. catalyst loading (over the range of 0.4 to 3 wt %), oil to methanol ratio (1:3, 1:5, 1:6, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10 and 1:12), reaction temperature (50, 60 and 70 ºC) and reaction time (40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 minutes) to identify optimized conditions for preparation of biodiesel. At these conditions gave that maximum yield (~91.60 %) of biodiesel at catalyst loading of 0.85 wt %, oil to methanol ratio of 1:8, reaction temperature of 60 ºC and reaction time of 60 minutes. Biodiesel properties at different blends (B100, B30, B20, and B5) as prescribed by ASTM D6751-12 methods have been carried out. Its performance and emission test on diesel engine were also carried out.  

scholarly journals Optimized Conversion of Waste Cooking Oil to Biodiesel Using Calcium Methoxide as Catalyst under Homogenizer System Conditions

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou ◽  
Jui-Yang Kuo ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
High Price ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Cooking Oil

Although many types of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to the transesterification reaction, some of them are unsuitable for industrial applications due to their high price and the extra preparation required to synthesize them. Calcium methoxide is a low cost, strong base with high catalytic activity and is thus commonly used in the biofuels synthesis process during the transesterification reaction. The objective of this study was to determine the optimized conversion in the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO) for biodiesel production by using a homogenizer with a calcium methoxide catalyst. It was shown that the optimal reaction conditions are a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, 4 wt % Ca(OCH3)2, a reaction temperature of 65 °C, a rotation speed of 7000 rpm, and a reaction time of 90 min. The conversion rate under these conditions reached 90.2%. Ca(OCH3)2 thus has potential as a catalyst for industrial use. In addition, with a homogenizer system, the reaction time for synthesizing calcium methoxide catalyst can be reduced by half compared to that for conventional water-bath heating. In addition, the large amount of waste water required in the oil-water separation step can be reduced by using calcium methoxide instead of a homogeneous catalyst, significantly reducing manufacturing costs.

Biodiesel Production through Direct Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil with Alcohol via Ultrasonic Wave

2013 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Yong Feng Kang ◽  
Hua Jin Shi ◽  
Lin Ge Yang ◽  
Jun Xia Kang ◽  
Zi Qi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Ester Exchange Reaction

Biodiesel is prepared from waste cooking oil and methanol. The ester exchange reaction is conducted under ultrasonic conditions with alkali as the catalysts. Five factors influencing on the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production are discussed in this study, including the reaction time, reaction temperature, catalyst amount, methanol to oil molar ratio, ultrasonic power. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out to test the conversion of biodiesel under various conditions. The process of biodiesel production was optimized by application of orthogonal test obtain the optimum conditions for biodiesel synthesis. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions were:molar ratio of oil to methanol 8:1,catalysts 1.2g KOH/100g oil,reaction temperature 70°C, reaction time 50 min,Ultrasonic power 400W. The conversion may up to 96.48%.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from High Acid Value Waste Cooking Oil Using an Optimized Lipase Enzyme/Acid-Catalyzed Hybrid Process

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (s1) ◽  
pp. S485-S495 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Saifuddin ◽  
A. Z. Raziah ◽  
H. Nor Farah
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Lipase Enzyme ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

The present study is aimed at developing an enzymatic/acid-catalyzed hybrid process for biodiesel production using waste cooking oil with high acid value (poor quality) as feedstock. Tuned enzyme was prepared using a rapid drying technique of microwave dehydration (time required around 15 minutes). Further enhancement was achieved by three phase partitioning (TPP) method. The results on the lipase enzyme which was subjected to pH tuning and TPP, indicated remarkable increase in the initial rate of transesterification by 3.8 times. Microwave irradiation was found to increase the initial reaction rates by further 1.6 times, hence giving a combined increase in activity of about 5.4 times. The optimized enzyme was used for hydrolysis and 88% of the oil taken initially was hydrolyzed by the lipase. The hydrolysate was further used in acid-catalyzed esterification for biodiesel production. By using a feedstock to methanol molar ratio of 1:15 and a sulphuric acid concentration of 2.5%, a biodiesel conversion of 88% was obtained at 50 °C for an hour reaction time. This hybrid process may open a way for biodiesel production using unrefined and used oil with high acid value as feedstock.

Application of Calcium Methoxide as Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichaonn Chumuang ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Base Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

In this study, the biodiesel production of waste cooking oil using calcium methoxide as solid base catalyst was investigated. The calcium methoxide catalyst was synthesized from calcined quick lime reacted with methanol. The XRD result showed that the catalyst was successfully synthesized with sufficient purity. The strength of catalyst was examined on the transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil and methanol. Parameters affecting on transesterification such as the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil-molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated. The results showed that the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester conversion of 99.06%. The optimum conditions were achieved within 3 h using 3wt% catalyst concentration, 12:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 65°C reaction temperature. In addition, the kinetic study of transesterification reaction was carried out at the temperature from 30°C to 65°C. The pseudo-first order was good agreement with the experiment results. The reaction rate constant (k) and activated energy (Ea) were determined as 0.023 min-1 and 55.77 kJ/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ostrich Eggshell Catalyst in Transesterification Using Waste Cooking Oil via Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yie Hua Yie Tan ◽  
Mohammad Omar Abdullah ◽  
Jibrail Kansedo ◽  
Agus Saptoro ◽  
Cirilo Nolasco Hipolito
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Ostrich Eggshell

In this research work, waste cooking oil biodiesel production was optimized using a design of experiment (DOE) approach: response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, three variables central composite design (CCD) to investigate the interaction effects of the different combination of transesterification reaction variables such as catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and time, using ostrich eggshell CaO base catalyst. A quadratic polynomial equation of the response, biodiesel yield was attained via multiple regression analysis to predict the relation between yield and the chosen variables. The results showed that the temperature and time are the most important process parameters on the biodiesel production. The optimal operating conditions for the transesterification reaction have been found to be: reaction temperature of 67 °C, alcohol/oil molar ratio of 10:1 (fixed parameter), catalyst concentration of 1.97 % w/w and reaction time of 1.77 h. The predicted biodiesel yield was about 99.67% under the optimal conditions through the ANOVA numerical method.

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil to Produce Biodiesel Using Acid and Alkaline Catalyst

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 3566-3572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Li ◽  
Hou Bo Zhou ◽  
Yang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

Fossil oil as a nonrenewable energy resource, with the development of global economy, the need for energy increases continuously. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean energy, which is made by vegetable oil or animal fat and methyl alcohol to produce fatty acid esters. This research shows that waste cooking oil can be used for biodiesel by the means of esterification and transesterification, at the same time waste cooking oil can be reused. Through orthogonal design, the optimum conditions are that at first ,using sulfuric acid 5wt% of waste cooking oil as catalyst, the molar ratio of methanol and oil is 30:1, the reaction temperature is 65 °C，and the reaction time is 3h ; the second step, KOH is used as catalyst, the amount of the KOH is 0.15wt%, the levels of methanol to oil ratio is 25:1, reaction temperature is 60 °C， reaction time is 1h. The maximum yield of biodiesel is 93.24wt%.

scholarly journals PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI DEDAK PADI SECARA IN SITU DENGAN TEKNOLOGI MICROWAVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Yulia Tri Rahkadima ◽  
Qurrota A'yuni
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
Microwave Reactor

AbstrakProses produksi biodiesel dari dedak padi dengan memanfaatkan microwave secara in situ telah berhasil dilakukan. Pengaruh jumlah metanol dan waktu reaksi terhadap kandungan FAMEs dalam produk dipelajari dalam penelitian ini. Dedak padi , metanol dan katalis basa berupa NaOH 0.6 w% dimasukkan ke dalam labu alas datar dilengkapi dengan kondensor dan dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor microwave yang telah dimodifikasi.  Produk reaksi yang berupa campuran FAMEs, gliserol, reaktan yang tidak bereaksi dan komponen lainnya kemudian dicuci menggunakan n- heksana dan dilanjut dilakukan proses distilasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dengan menggunakan reaktor microwave, kandungan FAMEs lebih tinggi diperoleh dengan waktu reaksi yang lebih singkat. Gelombang mikro berhasil mempercepat terjadinya reaksi transesterifikasi. Kandungan FAMEs tertinggi yaitu 6.2036 % diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 10 menit, metanol 60 ml dan suhu reaksi 60oC.  Kata kunci : Biodiesel, In situ, Microwave, Dedak padi AbstractThe process of biodiesel production from rice bran using in situ microwaves has been successfully carried out. The effect of the amount of methanol and reaction time on the FAMEs content in the product was studied in this study. Rice bran, methanol and alkaline catalyst in the form of 0.6 w% NaOH are put into a flat bottom flask equipped with a condenser and put into a modified microwave reactor. The reaction product in the form of a mixture of FAMEs, glycerol, unreacted reactants and other components is then washed using n-hexane and contuining with the distillation process. The results showed that by using a microwave reactor, a higher FAMEs content was obtained with a shorter reaction time. Microwaves successfully accelerate the transesterification reaction. The highest FAMEs content of 6.2036% was obtained at a reaction time of 10 minutes, methanol 60 ml and reaction temperature 60oC.Keywords: Biodiesel, In situ, Microwave, Rice bran

Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽  
Karthikeyan S. ◽  
Arun C.
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Solid Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Wood Biomass ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

scholarly journals Process optimization for biodiesel production from neutralized waste cooking oil and the effect of this biodiesel on engine performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzer Eryilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Cooking Oils

In this study, the methyl ester production process from neutralized waste cooking oils is optimized by using alkali-catalyzed (KOH) single-phase reaction. The optimization process is performed depending on the parameters, such as catalyst concentration, methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time. The optimum methyl ester conversion efficiency was 90.1% at the optimum conditions of 0.7 wt% of potassium hydroxide, 25 wt% methanol/oil ratio, 90 min reaction time and 60°C reaction temperature. After the fuel characteristics of the methyl ester obtained under optimum conditions were determined, the effect on engine performance, CO and NOx emissions of methyl ester was investigated in a diesel engine with a single cylinder and direct injection. When compared to diesel fuel, engine power and torque decreased when using methyl ester, and specific fuel consumption increased. NOx emission increases at a rate of 18.4% on average through use of methyl ester.

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