This chapter gives an overview on Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) systems and the existing biologically-inspired architectures which could be used to optimize the efficiency of the systems. In general, wireless power transmission could be categorized into near-field and far-field mechanisms. At present, one of the most immediate issues to be solved is the relatively low efficiency in a WPT system. The system's efficiency decreases gradually as the distance increases. To ensure highest efficiency, the path with the shortest distance and the lowest interference is to be selected. In this case, a few of the most popular biologically-inspired algorithms, i.e. Firefly Algorithm(FA), Simulated Annealing (SA), the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Genetic Algorithms (GAs) could be employed for efficiently solving different optimization problems. In short, these algorithms mentioned involve the emulation of fireflies flash signals for mating, exploitation of the metallurgy process, nature of ants leaving pheromones along the trails traveled and also the mimic of gradual evolution of organisms.
