Analysis of Energy Storage Technologies for Island Microgrids: A Case study of the Ærø Island in Denmark

This article studies the impact on CO2 emissions of electrical storage systems in power systems with high penetrations of wind generation. Using the Irish All-Island power system as a case-study, data on the observed dispatch of each large generator for the years 2008 to 2012 was used to estimate a marginal emissions factor of 0.547 kgCO2/kWh. Selected storage operation scenarios were used to estimate storage emissions factors – the carbon emissions impact associated with each unit of storage energy used. The results show that carbon emissions increase in the short-run for all storage technologies when consistently operated in ‘peak shaving and trough filling’ modes, and indicate that this should also be true for the GB and US power systems. Carbon emissions increase when storage is operated in ‘wind balancing’ mode, but reduce when storage is operated to reduce wind power curtailment, as in this case wind power operates on the margin. For power systems where wind is curtailed to maintain system stability, the results show that energy storage technologies that provide synthetic inertia achieve considerably greater carbon reductions. The results highlight a tension for policy makers and investors in storage, as scenarios based on the operation of storage for economic gains increase emissions, while those that decrease emissions are unlikely to be economically favourable. While some scenarios indicate storage increases emissions in the short-run, these should be considered alongside long-run assessments, which indicate that energy storage is essential to the secure operation of a fossil fuel-free grid.

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A General Model for Estimating Emissions from Integrated Power Generation and Energy Storage. Case Study: Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Power and Wind Power with Batteries

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr6120267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (12) ◽

pp. 267 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ian Miller ◽

Emre Gençer ◽

Francis O’Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Wind Power ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Storage Technology ◽

Renewable Power ◽

Variable Nature ◽

Storage Technologies

The penetration of renewable power generation is increasing at an unprecedented pace. While the operating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power are negligible, their upstream emissions are not. The great challenge with the deployment of renewable power generators is their intermittent and variable nature. Current electric power systems balance these fluctuations primarily using natural gas fired power plants. Alternatively, these dynamics could be handled by the integration of energy storage technologies to store energy during renewable energy availability and discharge when needed. In this paper, we present a model for estimating emissions from integrated power generation and energy storage. The model applies to emissions of all pollutants, including greenhouse gases (GHGs), and to all storage technologies, including pumped hydroelectric and electrochemical storage. As a case study, the model is used to estimate the GHG emissions of electricity from systems that couple photovoltaic and wind generation with lithium-ion batteries (LBs) and vanadium redox flow batteries (VFBs). To facilitate the case study, we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) of photovoltaic (PV) power, as well as a synthesis of existing wind power LCAs. The PV LCA is also used to estimate the emissions impact of a common PV practice that has not been comprehensively analyzed by LCA—solar tracking. The case study of renewables and battery storage indicates that PV and wind power remain much less carbon intensive than fossil-based generation, even when coupled with large amounts of LBs or VFBs. Even the most carbon intensive renewable power analyzed still emits only ~25% of the GHGs of the least carbon intensive mainstream fossil power. Lastly, we find that the pathway to minimize the GHG emissions of power from a coupled system depends upon the generator. Given low-emission generation (<50 gCO2e/kWh), the minimizing pathway is the storage technology with lowest production emissions (VFBs over LBs for our case study). Given high-emission generation (>200 gCO2e/kWh), the minimizing pathway is the storage technology with highest round-trip efficiency (LBs over VFBs).

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Numerical simulation analysis of the impact of photovoltaic systems and energy storage technologies on centralised generation: a case study for Australia

International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.1007/s40095-019-00330-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 9-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Morris Brenna ◽

Alessandro Corradi ◽

Federica Foiadelli ◽

Michela Longo ◽

Wahiba Yaici

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Photovoltaic Systems ◽

Storage Technologies ◽

The Impact

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Electrical and Energy Systems Integration for Maritime Environment-Friendly Transportation

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14217240 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 7240

Author(s):

Andrea Vicenzutti ◽

Giorgio Sulligoi

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Environmental Performance ◽

Energy Systems ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Marine Transportation ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Storage Technologies ◽

Port Infrastructure ◽

Maritime Environment

The policies against climate change require the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of marine transportation. To reach the planned goals, the most promising approach is working both on ships improvement and ports redesign. The latter must enable the new green ships supply with sustainable electrical energy, by integrating shore connection systems, local renewables, and energy storage systems. In this paper, a methodology to obtain such an objective is proposed, capable of taking into account both ships’ and ports’ characteristics. The methodology workflow is explained through a case study, where two shore connection power sizes and two different operative approaches for recharging the ship onboard energy storage are considered. A discussion about the most suitable energy storage technologies is also provided. The case study shows how the methodology can be applied, as well as demonstrating that the port infrastructure has a direct effect on the ship environmental performance.

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