ZSI Application for Reducing the Energy Incident of Arc Flash in a Distribution System

Protection system is a safety system on electrical equipment in case of interference. One of the electrical hazards is the arc flash. According to IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash is a blast of heat, hot gas, and liquid metal caused by short circuit interference on the equipment. There are 3 cases of arc flash that occurred in PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The aim of this research is to find out the amount of arc flash energy in accordance with IEEE 1584-2002 standard, to know how much the energy, and also to classify Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) category for the workers according to NFPA 70E-2009 standard. This study was applied to the 5th mill finishing area at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, West Java. The results showed on the area of the Finish Mill 5 the value of the energy incident is 16.92 cal/cm2 on BUS MD-1, 1.39 cal/cm2 on BUS RM-1, 1.35 cal/cm2 on BUS FN-2, 2.17 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-71, 1.41 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-72, and 1.34 cal/cm2 on BUS TR-73. Sistem proteksi merupakan suatu sistem pengaman pada peralatan listrik jika terjadi gangguan. Salah satu bahaya listrik adalah arc flash. Menurut IEEE 1584-2002 arc flash merupakan ledakan panas, gas panas, dan logam cair yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat (short circuit) pada peralatan. Terdapat 3 kasus arc flash yang terjadi di PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar energi arc flash yang sesuai dengan standar IEEE 1584-2002, untuk mengetahui besar energi serta mengklasifikasi kategori Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) bagi pekerja sesuai dengan standar NFPA 70E-2009. Studi ini diterapkan pada area Finish Mill 5 pada PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada area Finish Mill 5 nilai insiden energinya yaitu 16,92 kal/cm2 pada BUS MD-1, 1,39 kal/cm2 pada BUS RM-1, 1,35 kal/cm2 pada BUS FN-2, 2,17 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-71, 1,41 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-72, dan 1,34 kal/cm2 pada BUS TR-73.

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Protection planning and system design to reduce arc flash incident energy in a multi-voltage level distribution system to 8 CAL/CM2 (HRC 2) or less – part II: Analysis

Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference ◽

10.1109/papcon.2010.5556504 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

J.C. Das

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Distribution System ◽

Incident Energy ◽

Voltage Level ◽

Arc Flash

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Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations in a Electrical Distribution System with Distributed Generation for Electrical Safety Audit

International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering ◽

10.18280/ijsse.110502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 509-516

Author(s):

Berkay Gündüz ◽

Burak Dindar ◽

Ömer Gül

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Distribution System ◽

Electrical Safety ◽

Electrical Distribution ◽

Arc Flash

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Arc Flash Hazard in Distribution System with Distributed Generation

Procedia Computer Science ◽

10.1016/j.procs.2016.05.106 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 377-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weerawoot Kanokbannakorn ◽

Komsan Hongesombut ◽

Nithiphat Teerakawanich ◽

Siwapon Srisonphan

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Distribution System ◽

Arc Flash

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Protection planning and system design to reduce arc flash incident energy in a multi-voltage level distribution system to 8 CAL/CM2 (HRC 2) or less – part I: Methodology

Conference Record of 2010 Annual Pulp & Paper Industry Technical Conference ◽

10.1109/papcon.2010.5556505 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

J.C. Das

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Distribution System ◽

Incident Energy ◽

Voltage Level ◽

Arc Flash

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Protection Planning and System Design to Reduce Arc-Flash Incident Energy in a Multi-Voltage-Level Distribution System to 8 $\hbox{cal}/\hbox{cm}^{2}$ (HRC 2) or Less—Part II: Analysis

IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications ◽

10.1109/tia.2010.2091378 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 408-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J C Das

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Distribution System ◽

Incident Energy ◽

Voltage Level ◽

Arc Flash

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Gate Drive Controller for Low Voltage DC Hybrid Circuit Breaker

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14061753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1753 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hyosung Kim

Keyword(s):

Direct Current ◽

Distribution System ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electrical Contact ◽

Circuit Breaker ◽

Contact Type ◽

Contact Points ◽

Arc Flash ◽

Hybrid Circuit

With the advent of direct current (DC) loads such as LED lighting, IT equipment, electric vehicles, and DC powers generated from renewable energy sources, low voltage DC (LVDC) distribution system is becoming a hot issue. One of the hurdles in the LVDC distribution system is arc flash at the contact points that occurs during the circuit is opening. Unlike alternating current, direct current has no zero points and sustains constantly. Therefore, there is a risk of electric fire due to continuous generating arcs when the load current is interrupted with an existing electrical contact type circuit breaker. Recently, the concept of a hybrid circuit breaker that takes advantage of traditional electrical contact type switch and the arcless semiconductor switch has been proposed, but how to cooperatively operate the two switches has become an issue. This paper analyzes the principle of a hybrid circuit breaker for blocking LVDC current and proposes a gate drive controller for it. Through 400V class LVDC cutoff test, the operation of the proposed hybrid circuit breaker is verified and the characteristics are analyzed.

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