Improving Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Network Performance with Relay Nodes

The probabilistic Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing has been adjusted for vehicular network (VANET) routing through numerous works exploiting the historic routing profile of nodes to forward bundles through better Store-Carry-and-Forward (SCF) relay nodes. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid swarm-inspired probabilistic Vehicular DTN (VDTN) router to optimize the next-SCF vehicle selection using the combination of two bio-metaheuristic techniques called the Firefly Algorithm (FA) and the Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO). The FA-based strategy exploits the stochastic intelligence of fireflies in moving toward better individuals, while the GSO-based strategy mimics the movement of glowworm towards better area for displacing and food foraging. Both FA and GSO are executed simultaneously on each node to track better SCF vehicles towards each bundle’s destination. A geography-based recovery method is performed in case no better SCF vehicles are found using the hybrid FA–GSO approach. The proposed FA–GSO VDTN scheme is compared to ProPHET and GeoSpray routers. The simulation results indicated optimized bundles flooding levels and higher profitability of combined delivery delay and delivery probability.

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Detecting Blackhole Attack using Encounter Records on Multi-Copy Routing Protocols in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN)

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.c1034.0193s20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3S) ◽

pp. 152-157

Keyword(s):

Relay Node ◽

Delay Tolerant Network ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Relay Nodes ◽

Malicious Nodes ◽

Blackhole Attack ◽

Delay Tolerant ◽

The Impact ◽

Spray And Wait

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a solution for intermittent connectivity and high delay. However, due to constrained connectivity, DTN is vulnerably susceptible to Blackhole attacks in which malicious nodes will drop all packets received from source nodes or relay nodes. The impact of a Blackhole attack can reduce the packet delivery ratio and waste resources from relay nodes that carry and forward messages. The encounter record scheme is one solution that can be applied to detect Blackhole attacks on the DTN. The encounter record mechanism is performed by utilizing a relay node that will store several records obtained from encounters between previous nodes, then the node will detect when a packet has dropped and a blacklist is performed on the node detected as a malicious node. Based on testing the performance of the routing protocol obtained that the encounter record scheme is able to detect malicious nodes so that it can again increase the delivery ratio and overhead ratio. The simulation results of this research showed that the Encounter Record has successfully detected Blackhole attacks with an average detection time of 1,5992 seconds in the spray-and-wait routing and 1,5342 seconds in the epidemic routing for 15 malicious nodes. Detection accuracy is 100% on spray-and-wait routing and 73,85% on routing epidemic for 15 malicious nodes.

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Factual Demonstration of Blockchain Routing in Delay Tolerant Network

10.21203/rs.3.rs-760203/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Renu Dalal ◽

Manju Khari

Keyword(s):

Network Performance ◽

Delay Tolerant Network ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Opportunistic Network ◽

The People ◽

Buffer Time ◽

Dynamic Topology ◽

Average Latency ◽

Direct Delivery ◽

Delay Tolerant

Abstract Frequent disconnection, high end-to-end latency, dynamic topology, sparse node density, lack of pre-existing infrastructure, and opportunistic message transmission on wireless link, makes routing difficult in Opportunistic network (Oppnet). In present scenario, Oppnet allows the people to interact with contrasting ways like with diverse mobility, groups, and etc. During transmission of messages in such network security and trust performs major role. Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) are much prone of having inherent risk of attack. Malicious node, selfish node, and attacks are major impact on deteriorating network performance. To prevent the network from such deteriorating factors, this paper introduces the new platform to provide reliable and authentic transmission of message in opportunistic network. Blockchain-based Routing in Opportunistic Network (BRON) uses the concept of Blockchain through which each node work as an authentic node and transmit the secure messages in Oppnet. Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) tool is used to implement BRON. This protocol generates 36% reduced packet drops ratio, 57% enhanced delivery ratio, 55% lesser overhead ratio, 35.2% reduced average latency, and 65% lesser average buffer time as compared to direct delivery ratio with respect to number of nodes.

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