An ADMM-based Decentralized Voltage Management Mechanism for Distribution Networks

AbstractThe increasing volume of distributed resources and user-dependent loads in local networks has increased the concern for congestion and voltage management in distribution networks. To mitigate these issues, the implementation of local flexibility markets has been proposed to assist distribution system operators (DSOs) to manage their networks efficiently. This paper presents the framework of a local flexibility market, including the market participants and their roles. This framework aims to empower DSOs with a market-based instrument for the alleviation of congestion incidents by exploiting the flexibility of local resources. The proposed market aims to provide a tool for the holistic management of distribution networks by trading both reservation and activation of flexibility services, indifferent of the type and the timeline of the needed service. Three market modes are proposed, i.e., long-term, short-term and real-time market, and the interactions among those modes are shown. The operation of the market is explained in detail, including the identification of the needed services, the activation of the market as well as the proposed bidding, clearing and settlement mechanisms. The modelling of the long-term and real-time markets is also presented, along with some indicative simulation results for long-term and real-time services. Finally, the future developments as well as the major conclusions are discussed.

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Voltage management of distributed generation in distribution networks

2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37491) ◽

10.1109/pes.2003.1267183 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

R. Caire ◽

N. Retiere ◽

E. Morin ◽

M. Fontela ◽

N. Hadjsaid

Keyword(s):

Distributed Generation ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Voltage Management

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Reactive Power Control for LV Distribution Networks Voltage Management

2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe) ◽

10.1109/isgteurope.2018.8571817 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shakib Hasan ◽

Rasmus Luthander ◽

Juan de Santiago

Keyword(s):

Power Control ◽

Reactive Power ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Reactive Power Control ◽

Voltage Management

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Key-Recycling Strategies in Quantum-Key-Distribution Networks

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3734

Author(s):

Xinying Li ◽

Yongli Zhao ◽

Avishek Nag ◽

Xiaosong Yu ◽

Jie Zhang

Keyword(s):

Error Rate ◽

Key Management ◽

Quantum Key Distribution ◽

Key Distribution ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Management Mechanism ◽

Point To Point ◽

Key Resources ◽

System Errors

Quantum-key-distribution (QKD) networks can provide absolutely secure keys for the entire communication system in theory. At present, the key-distribution rate is relatively low, and the key-distribution rate decreases exponentially as the distribution distance increases. The trusted-relay scheme commonly used in existing QKD networks achieves the purpose of extending the security distance by consuming additional keys. Since the channel is unreliable, the key-relay process will accumulate system errors to a certain extent, increasing the probability of key-relay failure. In some high-bit-error-rate network scenarios such as wireless networks and disaster environments, the channel-error rate is as high as 30–50%. And in these scenarios, there are usually a large number of confidential messages that need to be delivered. However, the key-management mechanism of the current QKD system does not consider the scenario of key-relay failure. If the key is not successfully relayed, all the keys participating in the relay process will be destroyed, including the key that has been successfully relayed before. This situation causes the key to be wasted and reduces the encryption capability of the system. In this paper, we proposed the quantum-key-recycling (QKR) mechanism to increase the number of keys available in the network and introduced a secure service grading mechanism to properly reuse the recycled keys. The QKR mechanism can be regarded as a key-management mechanism acting on the point-to-point QKD system, and the mechanism is designed for a classical channel to reuse the key resources. A post-processing method for recycled keys is proposed to improve the security of the keys. Simulation results show that the QKD network using the key-recycling strategy is about 20% higher in key-utilization rate than the traditional QKD network without the QKR mechanism, and about 10% higher in-service security coverage.

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