A type-2 fuzzy set induced classification of cognitive load in inter-individual working memory performance based on hemodynamic response

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amiyangshu De ◽  
Tanuka Bhattacharjee ◽  
Amit Konar ◽  
Anca L. Ralescu ◽  
Atulya K. Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Hemodynamic Response

scholarly journals Emotional Facial Processing: Does Cognitive Load Make a Difference?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Ong ◽  
Rick Law Tsz Chun
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Facial Processing

<p>The manuscript is titled ‘Emotional facial processing: does cognitive load make a difference?’ and it describes a research study that measures how emotion and distraction of different cognitive loads may impact working memory performance. The findings show that cognitive load on working memory performance, with poorer working memory performance in the high compared to the low level of distraction. However, no effects of emotional faces were found on task performance. The work therefore has significance with regard to cognitive processing and working memory span.</p>

Cognitive Load Modulates the Effect of Emotional Content in Adaptive Working Memory Performance

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Roman ◽  
Juan Botella ◽  
Maria J. Garcia-Rubio ◽  
Jesus Privado ◽  
Sara Lopez-Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Content

scholarly journals Multiple and Dissociable Effects of Sensory History on Working-Memory Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper E. Hajonides ◽  
Freek van Ede ◽  
Mark G. Stokes ◽  
Anna C. Nobre ◽  
Nicholas E. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Serial Dependence ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Sensory History ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Behavioural reports of sensory information are biased by stimulus history. The nature and direction of such serial-dependence biases can differ between experimental settings - both attractive and repulsive biases towards previous stimuli have been observed. How and when these biases arise in the human brain remains largely unexplored. They could occur either via a change in sensory processing itself, post-perceptual maintenance or decision-making processes, or both. Here, we analysed behavioural and magnetoencephalographic data from a working-memory task in which participants were sequentially presented with two randomly oriented gratings, one of which was cued for recall at the end of the trial. Behavioural responses showed evidence for two distinct biases: 1) a within-trial repulsive bias away from the previously encoded orientation on the same trial, and 2) a between-trial attractive bias towards the task-relevant orientation on the previous trial. Multivariate classification of stimulus orientation revealed that neural representations during stimulus encoding were biased away from the previous grating orientation, regardless of whether we considered the within- or between-trial prior orientation - despite opposite effects on behaviour. These results suggest that repulsive biases occur at the level of sensory processing and can be overturned at post-perceptual stages to result in attractive biases in behaviour.

scholarly journals Effects of β-hydroxybutyrate on cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Jacqueline Jensen ◽  
Malin Nilsson ◽  
Jonas Schultz Ingerslev ◽  
Dorte Aalund Olsen ◽  
Mogens Fenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Ketone Body ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery

Objective Cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes is associated with cerebral glucose hypometabolism. Providing a glucose substitute such as ketone bodies might restore metabolic balance in glucose-compromised neurones and improve cognitive performance. We aimed to investigate if β-hydroxybutyrate (ketone body) infusion acutely affects cognitive performance, measured by a neuropsychological test battery, in patients with type 2 diabetes. Design Randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over trial. Methods Eighteen patients with type 2 diabetes received i.v. ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate) and placebo (saline) infusion in a randomised order on two separate occasions. On both days of examination, blood glucose was clamped at 7.5 mmol/L and a neuropsychological test battery was used to assess global cognitive performance (primary outcome) and specialized cognitive measures of verbal memory, working memory, executive function, psychomotor speed, and sustained attention. Results During neurocognitive testing, β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were 2.4 vs 0.1 mmol/L. Working memory assessed by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale letter-number-sequencing significantly improved by 1.6 points (95% CI: 0.7, 2.4; non-adjusted P < 0.001) corresponding to a 17% increase in performance during ketone infusion compared to placebo. There was no change for global cognitive performance or any other cognitive measure after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Blood concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and glycaemic status did not associate with test performance; however, insulin resistance measured by HOMA was related to improved working memory performance during ketone infusion (β = 4%; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.7; P = 0.012). Conclusions Ketone infusion specifically improved working memory performance in patients with type 2 diabetes in the absence of changes in global cognition.

scholarly journals Decorative animations impair recall and are a source of extraneous cognitive load

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-382
Author(s):  
Annabel Pink ◽  
Philip M. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Seductive Details ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Still Image ◽  
Extraneous Cognitive Load ◽  
New Information ◽  
Extraneous Load

Working memory is critical for learning but has a limited capacity for processing new information in real time. Cognitive load theory is an evidence-based approach to education that seeks to minimize the extraneous (unnecessary) load on working memory to avoid overloading it. The “seductive details effect” postulates that extraneous load can come from instructional design materials that attract interest but are unrelated to, and impair, learning. Presentation packages, such as Microsoft PowerPoint, have built-in decorative animated “GIFs” that are designed to make presentations more visually appealing. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of such “decorative” animations on learning and working memory performance. We found that students were less able to recall content presented in the presence of a decorative but relevant animation compared with a still image. This effect was found with two different topics (human physiology and enzyme kinetics). Compared with still images, students also found it harder to remember animations themselves, and the self-reported mental workload required to remember them was higher. These results show that decorative animations are seductive details and are thus a source of extraneous cognitive load.

scholarly journals Emotional Facial Processing: Does Cognitive Load Make a Difference?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsie Ong ◽  
Rick Law Tsz Chun
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Facial Processing

<p>The manuscript is titled ‘Emotional facial processing: does cognitive load make a difference?’ and it describes a research study that measures how emotion and distraction of different cognitive loads may impact working memory performance. The findings show that cognitive load on working memory performance, with poorer working memory performance in the high compared to the low level of distraction. However, no effects of emotional faces were found on task performance. The work therefore has significance with regard to cognitive processing and working memory span.</p>

Short- and long-term memory tasks predict working memory performance, and vice versa.

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Neath ◽  
Jean Saint-Aubin ◽  
Tamra J. Bireta ◽  
Andrew J. Gabel ◽  
Chelsea G. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Short And Long Term
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