Fundamental Behaviors in Hybrid Deterministic Flow Lines With Applications

Gas hydrates formation is considered as one the greatest obstacles in gas transportation systems. Problems related to gas hydrate formation is more severe when dealing with transportation at low temperatures of deep water. In order to avoid formation of Gas hydrates, different inhibitors are used. Methanol is one of the most common and economically efficient inhibitor. Adding methanol to the flow lines, changes the thermodynamic equilibrium situation of the system. In order to predict these changes in thermodynamic behavior of the system, a series of modelings are performed using Matlab software in this paper. The main approach in this modeling is on the basis of Van der Waals and Plateau's thermodynamic approach. The obtained results of a system containing water, Methane and Methanol showed that hydrate formation pressure increases due to the increase of inhibitor amount in constant temperature and this increase is more in higher temperatures. Furthermore, these results were in harmony with the available empirical data.Keywords: Gas hydrates, thermodynamic inhibitor, modelling, pipeline blockage

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The Effect of Station Breakdowns and Random Processing Times on the Capacity of Flow Lines with In-Process Storage

A I I E Transactions ◽

10.1080/05695557208974867 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 308-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

John A. Buzacott

Keyword(s):

Flow Lines ◽

Processing Times ◽

Station Breakdowns

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The Effect of Flow Lines on the Mechanical Properties in Hot-Rolled Bearing Steel

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11030456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 456

Author(s):

Dongsheng Qian ◽

Chengfei Ma ◽

Feng Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Characterization ◽

Tensile Deformation ◽

Flow Line ◽

Plastic Property ◽

Bearing Steel ◽

Mechanical Anisotropy ◽

Flow Lines ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hot Rolled ◽

Bearing Rings

Hot rolling is an essential process for the shape-forming of bearing steel. It plays a significant role in the formation and distribution of flow lines. In this work, the effect of flow lines is investigated by analyzing the microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of hot-rolled bearing steel. It was found that carbides rich with Cr and Mn elements are distributed unevenly along the flow-line direction of the hot-rolled bearing steel. Moreover, the mechanical characterization indicates that ultimate tensile strength and yield strength do not have any significant difference in two directions. Nevertheless, an ultrahigh section shrinkage of 57.51% is obtained in the 0° sample that has parallel flow lines, while 90° sample shows poor section shrinkage. The uneven distributed carbides will affect the direction and speed of crack propagation during tensile deformation. Therefore, the 0° and 90° samples exhibit great difference in plastic property. Meanwhile, after tensile deformation, a delaminated texture is observed in the flow lines, which may be caused by different degrees of deformation of grains due to the uneven distribution of carbides. The results of this work may provide guidance for controlling and optimizing flow lines in the manufacturing of bearing rings.

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Performance bounds for hybrid flow lines: Fundamental behavior, practical features and application to linear cluster tools

2012 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE) ◽

10.1109/coase.2012.6386460 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyungsu Park ◽

James R. Morrison

Keyword(s):

Performance Bounds ◽

Flow Lines ◽

Cluster Tools ◽

Linear Cluster

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A Study of Metal Flow Ahead of Tool Face With Large Negative Rake Angle

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3185836 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 104 (3) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Y. Kita ◽

M. Ido ◽

N. Kawasaki

Keyword(s):

Deformation Process ◽

Metal Flow ◽

Close Relation ◽

Rake Angle ◽

High Quality ◽

Flow Lines ◽

Stress Changes ◽

Chip Formation Mechanism ◽

Maximum Increment ◽

Side Flow

Although the chip formation mechanism by a tool having a large negative rake angle is not well known, it is very important to make the process clear in order to get high quality in finished surfaces. In this paper, the behavior of material ahead of a tool face with a large negative rake angle is examined by means of low speed machining on lead. The deformation process of the material is investigated by the deformation study combining a finite element method with a grid line method. During cutting, the deformation process of grid lines which were drawn on the sides of testpieces was observed through a side glass which restricted the side flow of material. Cutting force was measured by a dynamometer consisting of an elongated octagonal ring with strain wire gages. As a result it was found that the shear stress on the slip line of maximum increment of shear strain is nearly constant, but the compressive stress changes along the line. It was concave near the top of cutting edge and convex near the surface of the test piece. The position of the change of polarity in the slope shifted depending on the rake angle of the tool. This phenomenon is considered to have close relation with the stagnant tip, which decides not only the size of chip, but also whether or not a chip will be formed. Flow lines of material and the deformed region ahead of tool faces with different negative rake angles were also obtained and they were compared with each other.

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