Ad hoc modeling, expert problem solving, and R&T program evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol EM-30 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Barry G. Silverman ◽  
Jay Liebowitz ◽  
Vassilis S. Moustakis
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ad Hoc Modeling ◽  
Modeling Expert

Applied Informal Problem-Solving through Self-Discovery Online

2012 ◽  
pp. 151-167
Author(s):  
Shalin Hai-Jew
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Online Resource ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Self Discovery ◽  
Problem Solving Process

People often refer to the World Wide Web (WWW) and the Internet to conduct ad hoc and informal problem-solving. Their success in their endeavors has depended on a wide range of information access and crowd-sourcing; deeper analysis of problems; and growing self-efficacy through acclimating into certain problem-solving groups (with attendant new identities) and the “takeaway” learning by abstracting the problem-solving process. This chapter suggests that a greater awareness of site and online resource designers about the steps of problem-solving may enhance the building of self-discovery learning affordances for every phase of the informal problem-solving process.

Modeling expert problem solving in a game of chance: a Yahtzeec case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Maynard ◽  
Patrick Moss ◽  
Marcus Whitehead ◽  
S. Narayanan ◽  
Matt Garay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Modeling Expert

Fighting the fire: improvisational behavior during the production launch of new products

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 722-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Gross
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
New Product Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
New Products ◽  
New Product ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Real World Problem ◽  
Problem Solving Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Short-term problem solving during production launch may result in extended lead times and increased overall costs of new product development, thereby reducing the overall profitability of a new product. While the previous literature suggests formalized procedures and systematic problem solving approaches, empirical analyses indicate improvised, non-systematic, and ad hoc responses actually being used in firms’ real world problem solving processes. The purpose of this paper is to explain the role of such non-systematic approaches for the efficiency and effectiveness of problem solving processes during production launch. Design/methodology/approach – The paper empirically explores the impact of improvisational problem-solving behavior on a firm's production launch efficiency and on the success of new products. Moreover, the paper investigates the moderating role of technology familiarity, project complexity, and the number of occurring problems during production launch. Findings – The paper finds evidence for a positive curvilinear effect of improvisational problem-solving behavior on new product success and production launch efficiency. Additionally, the paper finds that improvisation is especially reasonable in complex and familiar projects or in the case of many unplanned changes during production launch. Research limitations/implications – The study provides evidence for the relevance of routinized and improvisational behavior during production launch. Practical implications – Improvisational behavior decreases the performance of the production launch and the financial performance of a new product in the case of frequent product changes or complex projects. Originality/value – For the first time behavioral theory is applied to the phenomenon of production launch and problem solving.

scholarly journals Using Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and Slack: A Case Study of Coordination in Large-Scale Distributed Agile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Stray ◽  
Nils Brede Moe ◽  
Henrik Vedal ◽  
Marthe Berntzen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Relational Coordination ◽  
Software Projects ◽  
Coordination Theory ◽  
Working From Home

Today, many large-scale software projects have members working from home, which has changed the way teams coordinate work. To better understand coordination in this setting, we conducted a case study through which we examined two teams in a large-scale agile project by observing meetings and conducting 17 interviews. Through the lens of Relational Coordination Theory (RCT), we analyzed the use of the goal-setting framework Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and the collaboration tool Slack. Slack was used for frequent, timely, and problem-solving communication and, and its use decreased the number of planned meetings. However, discussions often started on Slack and continued in virtual ad-hoc meetings. The use of OKRs facilitated knowledge sharing, helped the teams align their goals, and provided inter-team insights. The main implication of our research is that projects using OKRs need to support project members, especially in formulating the key results that align and motivate the teams to work toward the same mission.

On the Heuristic Nature of Medical Decision-Support Systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Aliferis ◽  
R. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
System Development ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Medical Decision Support ◽  
Medical Decision Support Systems

Abstract:In the realm of medical decision-support systems, the term “heuristic systems” is often considered to be synonymous with “medical artificial intelligence systems” or with “systems employing informal model(s) of problem solving”. Such a view may be inaccurate and possibly impede the conceptual development of future systems. This article examines the nature of heuristics and the levels at which heuristic solutions are introduced during system design and implementation. The authors discuss why heuristics are ubiquitous in all medical decision-support systems operating at non-trivial domains, and propose a unifying definition of heuristics that encompasses formal and ad hoc systems. System developers should be aware of the heuristic nature of all problem solving done in complex real world domains, and characterize their own use of heuristics in describing system development and implementation.

scholarly journals Ad-hoc modeling of closed-cell foam microstructures for structure-properties relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 128-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dabo ◽  
T. Roland ◽  
G. Dalongeville ◽  
C. Gauthier ◽  
P. Kékicheff
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Ad Hoc Modeling ◽  
Cell Foam ◽  
Structure Properties

Organization development through ad hoc problem solving

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davar Rezania ◽  
Noufou Ouedraogo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Enterprise Resource Planning ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Erp Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to study the ad hoc problem of developing capabilities for knowledge transfer between various constituencies of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation project. The paper studies how an ERP project develops ability to network, link, and integrate its various knowledge resources over time. Design/methodology/approach – The paper conducted a case study of an ERP project, from its initiation in 2008 to its completion in 2011. Findings – The case demonstrates the dynamics of development of knowledge transfer capacities through ad hoc problem solving. The paper identifies five mechanisms used in this case for the development of knowledge transfer capacities. Practical implications – Ad hoc problem solving mechanisms demonstrated in this paper can be intentionally planned and utilized in similar projects to enable interaction, integration, and institutionalization. Originality/value – Even though ad hoc problem solving as a model for change is prevalent in many organizations, studies of ad hoc problem solving capabilities as a mechanism for change are not extensive. This case describes ad hoc mechanisms that foster change and development of knowledge transfer capacities during large IT project implementations.

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