We examined the effects of grazing exclusion over a period of 14 years on the species richness and community
composition of three plant communities with different dominant species and water regimes in the Gwydir Wetlands in
eastern Australia. Responses to grazing exclusion varied among the three plant communities, and were most likely to
be evident during dry periods rather than during periods of inundation. In frequently flooded plant communities, there
was an increase in phytomass following exclusion of domestic livestock, but changes in plant community composition
and species richness due to livestock exclusion varied depending on the morphological attributes of the dominant plant
species. In a plant community where tall sedge species were dominant, livestock exclusion further increased their
dominance and overall species richness declined. In contrast, where a prostrate grass species such as Paspalum
distichum was dominant, species richness increased following livestock exclusion, due to an increase in the abundance
of taller dicotyledon species. However, livestock exclusion in a community where flooding was less frequent and native
grass species have been largely replaced with the introduced species Phyla canescens, resulted in no significant changes
to phytomass, species richness or community composition among the grazing exclusion treatments over time. Our
results indicate responses to exclusion of domestic livestock are dependent upon the dominant species within the plant
community and will likely vary over time with the extent of wetland inundation. Grazing exclusion alone, without increased
flooding, is unlikely to restore floristically degraded floodplain plant communities.
Incorporating dominant species as proxies for biotic interactions strengthens plant community models
