Population structure of Erysiphe necator on domesticated and wild vines in the Middle East raises questions on the origin of the grapevine powdery mildew pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Gur ◽  
Moshe Reuveni ◽  
Yigal Cohen ◽  
Lance Cadle‐Davidson ◽  
Breanne Kisselstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Aggressiveness of Erysiphe necator Populations during Grapevine Powdery Mildew Epidemics

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (20) ◽  
pp. 6327-6332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josselin Montarry ◽  
Philippe Cartolaro ◽  
François Delmotte ◽  
Jérôme Jolivet ◽  
Laetitia Willocquet
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Temporal Differentiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Isolates of the causal ascomycete of grapevine powdery mildew, Erysiphe necator, correspond to two genetically differentiated groups (A and B) that coexist on the same host. This coexistence was analyzed by investigating temporal changes in the genetic and phenotypic structures of E. necator populations during three epidemics. Group A was present only at the start of the growing season, whereas group B was present throughout all three epidemics. Group A was less aggressive in terms of germination and infection efficiency but was more aggressive than group B in terms of the latency period, lesion diameter, and spore production. Our results are consistent with a temporal differentiation of niches, preventing recombination, and suggest an association between the disease level and the frequencies of genetic groups.

scholarly journals Adaptive genomic structural variation in the grape powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe necator

BMC Genomics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Jones ◽  
Summaira Riaz ◽  
Abraham Morales-Cruz ◽  
Katherine CH Amrine ◽  
Brianna McGuire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Structural Variation ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Genomic Structural Variation ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression During Conidiation in the Grape Powdery Mildew Pathogen, Erysiphe necator

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 839-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wakefield ◽  
David M. Gadoury ◽  
Robert C. Seem ◽  
Michael G. Milgroom ◽  
Qi Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Differential Gene Expression ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

Asexual sporulation (conidiation) is coordinately regulated in the grape powdery mildew pathogen Erysiphe necator but nothing is known about its genetic regulation. We hypothesized that genes required for conidiation in other fungi would be upregulated at conidiophore initiation or full conidiation (relative to preconidiation vegetative growth and development of mature ascocarps), and that the obligate biotrophic lifestyle of E. necator would necessitate some novel gene regulation. cDNA amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 45 selective primer combinations produced ≈1,600 transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), of which 620 (39%) showed differential expression. TDF sequences were annotated using BLAST analysis of GenBank and of a reference transcriptome for E. necator developed by 454-FLX pyrosequencing of a normalized cDNA library. One-fourth of the differentially expressed, annotated sequences had similarity to fungal genes of unknown function. The remaining genes had annotated function in metabolism, signaling, transcription, transport, and protein fate. As expected, a portion of orthologs known in other fungi to be involved in developmental regulation was upregulated immediately prior to or during conidiation; particularly noteworthy were several genes associated with the light-dependent VeA regulatory system, G-protein signaling (Pth11 and a kelch repeat), and nuclear transport (importin-β and Ran). This work represents the first investigation into differential gene expression during morphogenesis in E. necator and identifies candidate genes and hypotheses for characterization in powdery mildews. Our results indicate that, although control of conidiation in powdery mildews may share some basic elements with established systems, there are significant points of divergence as well, perhaps due, in part, to the obligate biotrophic lifestyle of powdery mildews.

Genetic Variation and Population Structure of the Grape Powdery Mildew Fungus, Erysiphe necator, in Southern France

2005 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Péros ◽  
Claire Troulet ◽  
Mikaël Guerriero ◽  
Corinne Michel-Romiti ◽  
Jean-Loup Notteghem
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Grape Powdery Mildew

scholarly journals Variation Within and Among Vitis spp. for Foliar Resistance to the Powdery Mildew Pathogen Erysiphe necator

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Cadle-Davidson ◽  
David R. Chicoine ◽  
Nancy H. Consolie
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen ◽  
Vitis Spp ◽  
Selection Of

To complement existing control strategies, grape growers desire cultivars with resistance to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator. Numerous disease resistance screens of diverse Vitis germplasm have been conducted previously to identify powdery mildew resistance but ratings of named cultivars were inconsistent and identities of resistant individuals in wild species were not typically provided. In the current study, controlled inoculations of a single isolate were made onto detached leaves from 1,025 Vitis accessions. The results were compared with natural epidemics in two vineyards: the cold-hardy Vitis spp. repository in Geneva, NY, in 2007–08, and a replicated vineyard of 89 Vitis accessions in Fredonia, NY in 2006–08. Of the genotypes screened using both natural infection and single-isolate inoculation, 33% were resistant to a single isolate but susceptible to diverse isolates in either or both vineyards, possibly due to race-specific resistance. This was exemplified by selection of E. necator genotypes virulent to Vitis labrusca in the Fredonia, NY vineyard, which is surrounded by production of the interspecific labrusca hybrids Concord and Niagara. Otherwise, there was good correlation of ratings between the vineyard and single-isolate ratings (r = 0.55 to 0.56) and between Geneva and Fredonia vineyard ratings (r = 0.75). No accession rated in all three screens was immune from infection. Although individual accessions of V. aestivalis, V. palmata, Vitis × doaniana, and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata were resistant in Geneva and Fredonia, each well-represented species had notable intraspecific variation in resistance. For 129 interspecific hybrids in this and previous studies, ratings infrequently corresponded among previous studies (39%) and between the current and previous studies (17 to 46%). However, three cultivars (Cayuga White, Diana, and Mars) were consistently rated as resistant across four independent studies. The results underscore the importance of uniform testing in multiple environments and the need for strategies for the development of cultivars with durable resistance.

scholarly journals No Indication of Strict Host Associations in a Widespread Mycoparasite: Grapevine Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator) Is Attacked by Phylogenetically Distant Ampelomyces Strains in the Field

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Pintye ◽  
Zsolt Bereczky ◽  
Gábor M. Kovács ◽  
László G. Nagy ◽  
Xiangming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungi

Pycnidial fungi belonging to the genus Ampelomyces are common intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildews worldwide. Some strains have already been developed as commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs) of Erysiphe necator and other powdery mildew species infecting important crops. One of the basic, and still debated, questions concerning the tritrophic relationships between host plants, powdery mildew fungi, and Ampelomyces mycoparasites is whether Ampelomyces strains isolated from certain species of the Erysiphales are narrowly specialized to their original mycohosts or are generalist mycoparasites of many powdery mildew fungi. This is also important for the use of Ampelomyces strains as BCAs. To understand this relationship, the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial actin gene (act1) sequences of 55 Ampelomyces strains from E. necator were analyzed together with those of 47 strains isolated from other powdery mildew species. These phylogenetic analyses distinguished five major clades and strains from E. necator that were present in all but one clade. This work was supplemented with the selection of nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers for strain-specific identification of Ampelomyces mycoparasites to monitor the environmental fate of strains applied as BCAs. The genetic distances among strains calculated based on ISSR patterns have also highlighted the genetic diversity of Ampelomyces mycoparasites naturally occurring in grapevine powdery mildew. Overall, this work showed that Ampelomyces strains isolated from E. necator are genetically diverse and there is no indication of strict mycohost associations in these strains. However, these results cannot rule out a certain degree of quantitative association between at least some of the Ampelomyces lineages identified in this work and their original mycohosts.

scholarly journals Overwintering form of Erysiphe necator, the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew in southern Syria

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nujoud Alimad ◽  
Walid Naffaa ◽  
Fawaz Azmeh
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Erysiphe Necator ◽  
First Report ◽  
Primary Inoculum ◽  
Grapevine Powdery Mildew ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Grapevine Buds

AbstractThe main aims of this study were to determine the overwintering form and the primary inoculum ofErysiphe necator,the causal agent of grapevine powdery mildew in southern Syria. Eleven vineyards located at five different geographical sites were visited every week from March to November in 2014 and 2015. The results of field and histopathological studies showed thatE. necatorsurvived as mycelium in dormant grapevine buds during the winter season. The first flag shoots were observed shortly after bud break in spring. The number of flag shoots varied greatly according to vineyards, cultivars and years, being present on 27.4 to 61.9% of the grapevines in 2014, and on 5.2 to 40% of the grapevines in 2015. The percentage of flag shoots on the same grapevine also varied according to the year, cultivar and location. It was between 4.3 to 9.4% in 2014, and 2.1 to 3.6% in 2015. The disease was observed only on Balady and Black cultivars. Conidia were released from the second week of May to early September. The first conidia were trapped around mid-May, and the first secondary symptoms were observed on leaves from mid-May to early June according to the site. Chasmothecia were observed on leaves in 45.5% of the studied vineyards. The first observation of chasmothecia on leaves was in July, and their numbers varied greatly between vineyards and years. Chasmothecia were not detected on bark, nor were ascospores trapped at the beginning of the season. These results confirmed that the ascospores did not have any role in the initiation of spring infection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the overwintering form ofE. necatorin Syria.

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