Who takes the hit? Gender differences in employment outcomes after disasters

This study explored gender differences in the relationship between vocational rehabilitation consumers' involvement in the development of their rehabilitation counseling programs, and their employment outcome in the program. Outcome was measured by employment status two months after completing their programs. Research findings provide evidence of statistically significant gender differences between the relationship of consumer involvement in their rehabilitation programs and their employment outcomes.

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Gender Differences in the Education and Employment of Young Adults

Remedial and Special Education ◽

10.1177/074193259601700102 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 4-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

STEPHEN LICHTENSTEIN

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Special Education ◽

Young Adults ◽

General Population ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

Gender Disparities ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Males And Females ◽

Education And Employment

WITH THE GOAL OF ACHIEVING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE AND INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, THIS REVIEW FOCUSES FIRST ON THE LITERATURE RELATED TO GENDER DISPARITIES IN THE GENERAL POPULATION. THE ISSUES ADDRESSED COVER BOTH EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION DEVOTED TO CURRENT INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE DESIGNED TO REDUCE THE DISPARITIES. THE REVIEW FURTHER EXAMINES THE LITERATURE ON GENDER AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO STUDENTS IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, INCLUDING (A) OVERALL GENDER RATES BY DISABILITY GROUPS, (B) GENDER DISPARITIES IN EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED WITH MALES AND FEMALES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION, AND (C) PROPOSED INTERVENTION PROGRAMS AND PRACTICES THAT APPEAR PROMISING. THE ARTICLE CONCLUDES BY DISCUSSING IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH THAT CAN REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SPECIAL EDUCATION.

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A Gendered Pandemic: Childcare, Homeschooling, and Parents’ Employment During COVID-19

10.31235/osf.io/gwkzx ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Richard Petts ◽

Daniel L. Carlson ◽

Joanna R. Pepin

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Children ◽

Father Involvement ◽

Empirical Support ◽

Employment Outcomes ◽

School Age Children ◽

Full Time ◽

School Age ◽

Data Limitations ◽

Increased Risk

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected employment, particularly for mothers. Many believe that the loss of childcare and homeschooling requirements are key contributors to this trend, but previous work has been unable to test these hypotheses due to data limitations. This study uses novel data from 989 partnered, US parents to empirically examine whether the loss of childcare and new homeschooling demands are associated with employment outcomes early in the pandemic. We also consider whether the division of childcare prior to the pandemic is associated with parents’ employment. For parents with young children, the loss of full-time childcare was associated with an increased risk of unemployment for mothers but not fathers. Yet, father involvement in childcare substantially buffered against negative employment outcomes for mothers of young children. For parents with school-age children, participation in homeschooling was associated with adverse employment outcomes for mothers but not fathers. Overall, this study provides empirical support for the current discourse on gender differences in employment during the pandemic and also highlights the role fathers can play in buffering against reduced labor force participation among mothers.

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