Event-related potentials of verbal encoding into episodic memory: Dissociation between the effects of subsequent memory performance and distinctiveness

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillen Fernandez ◽  
Helga Weyerts ◽  
Indira Tendolkar ◽  
Henderikus G.O.M. Smid ◽  
Michael Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Not Just a Pot: Visual Episodic Memory in Cannabis Users and Polydrug Cannabis Users: ROC and ERP Preliminary Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Anna Binkowska ◽  
Natalia Jakubowska ◽  
Maciej Gaca ◽  
Natalia Galant ◽  
Agnieszka Piotrowska-Cyplik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Receiver Operating

Background While research has consistently identified an association between long-term cannabis use and memory impairments, few studies have examined this relationship in a polydrug context (i.e., when combining cannabis with other substances).Aims: In this preliminary study, we used event-related potentials to examine the recognition process in a visual episodic memory task in cannabis users (CU) and cannabis polydrug users (PU). We hypothesized that CU and PU will have both–behavioral and psychophysiological–indicators of memory processes affected, compared to matched non-using controls with the PU expressing more severe changes.Methods 29 non-using controls (CG), 24 CU and 27 PU were enrolled into the study. All participants completed a visual learning recognition task while brain electrical activity was recorded. Event-related potentials were calculated for familiar (old) and new images from a signal recorded during a subsequent recognition test. We used receiver operating characteristic curves for behavioral data analysis.Results The groups did not differ in memory performance based on receiver operating characteristic method in accuracy and discriminability indicators nor mean reaction times for old/new images. The frontal old/new effect expected from prior research was observed for all participants, while a parietal old/new effect was not observed. While, the significant differences in the late parietal component (LPC) amplitude was observed between CG and PU but not between CG and CU nor CU and PU. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the mean amplitude of the LPC component as a predictor of memory performance accuracy indicator. LPC amplitude predicts recognition accuracy only in the CG.Conclusion The results showed alterations in recognition memory processing in CU and PU groups compared to CG, which were not manifested on the behavioral level, and were the most prominent in cannabis polydrug users. We interpret it as a manifestation of the cumulative effect of multiple drug usage in the PU group.

scholarly journals An Event Related Potentials Study of Semantic Coherence Effect during Episodic Encoding in Schizophrenia Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lâle Battal Merlet ◽  
Alain Blanchet ◽  
Hazlin Lockman ◽  
Milena Kostova
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Coherence Effect

The objective of this electrophysiological study was to investigate the processing of semantic coherence during encoding in relation to episodic memory processes promoted at test, in schizophrenia patients, by using the N400 paradigm. Eighteen schizophrenia patients and 15 healthy participants undertook a recognition memory task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of words either semantically related or unrelated to a given category name (context). During encoding, both groups exhibited an N400 external semantic coherence effect. Healthy controls also showed an N400 internal semantic coherence effect, but this effect was not present in patients. At test, related stimuli were accompanied by an FN400 old/new effect in both groups and by a parietal old/new effect in the control group alone. In the patient group, external semantic coherence effect was associated with FN400, while, in the control group, it was correlated to the parietal old/new effect. Our results indicate that schizophrenia patients can process the contextual information at encoding to enhance familiarity process for related stimuli at test. Therefore, cognitive rehabilitation therapies targeting the implementation of semantic encoding strategies can mobilize familiarity which in turn can overcome the recollection deficit, promoting successful episodic memory performance in schizophrenia patients.

scholarly journals Variations in Pupil Size Related to Memory for Recently Presented Words and Event Related Potentials

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-09
Author(s):  
Jan Rouke Kuipers ◽  
William A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Pupil Size ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Performance Study ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Initial List

Pupillometry has been found to be correlated with activity of cholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulator systems. These systems regulate the level of cortical arousal and therefore perception, attention, and memory. Here, we tested how different types of pupil size variance (prestimulus baseline and prestimulus hippus power) may correlate with behavioral and electrophysiological brain responses (ERPs). We recorded pupil size and ERPs while participants were presented with a series of words and then asked whether they had been in the initial list when they were later presented intermixed with unpresented words. We found that a smaller prestimulus baseline pupil size during the study phase was associated with better memory performance. Study items also evoked a larger P3 response at presentation and a greater old/new memory ERP effect at test when prestimulus pupil size was small rather than large. Prestimulus hippus power was found to be a between-subjects factor affecting the robustness of memory encoding with less power being associated with a greater old/new memory ERP effect. These results provide evidence relating memory and ERPs to variables defined on pupil size that are thought to reflect varying states of parasympathetic and sympathetic arousal.

scholarly journals Sex-specific relationships between face memory and the N170 component in event-related potentials

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Hadiseh Nowparast Rostami ◽  
Andrea Hildebrandt ◽  
Werner Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Face Memory ◽  
N170 Component ◽  
Statistical Dependency ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
And Performance

Abstract At the group level, women consistently perform better in face memory tasks than men and also show earlier and larger N170 components of event-related brain potentials (ERP), considered to indicate perceptual structural encoding of faces. Here we investigated sex differences in the relationship between the N170 and face memory performance in 152 men and 141 women at group mean and individual differences levels. ERPs and performance were measured in separate tasks, avoiding statistical dependency between the two. We confirmed previous findings about superior face memory in women and a—sex-independent—negative relationship between N170 latency and face memory. However, whereas in men, better face memory was related to larger N170 components, face memory in women was unrelated with the amplitude or latency of the N170. These data provide solid evidence that individual differences in face memory within men are at least partially related to more intense structural face encoding.

Semantic feedback processing mechanism of the enactment effect: Evidence from event-related potentials

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110479
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Zhanyu Yu ◽  
Zhi Ren ◽  
Jialin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Integration ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Enactment Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
N400 Component ◽  
Processing Mechanism

The enactment effect refers to a phenomenon in which the memory performance for action phrases is enhanced by performing the described action (e.g., sharpen a pencil) compared with simply reading the action phrase. This produced effect can result in improved motor processing. This study investigated the contribution of semantic integration to the enactment effect by contrasting well-integrated phrases, such as “blow up the balloon,” with poorly integrated phrases, such as “sew the toothpick,” and analysing the N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPs). The subjects encoded action phrases with different degrees of semantic integration by either pretending to perform or reading action phrases. They then completed a phrase recognition test, while electroencephalographic signals were simultaneously recorded. The behavioural results showed that semantic integration improved memory performance under the motor encoding condition but not under the verbal encoding condition. The ERP results revealed that, regardless of whether it was an old (memorised) or new (distractor) phrase, a larger N400 component was elicited under the motor encoding condition than under the verbal encoding condition. In the motor encoding condition, poorly integrated phrases elicited a larger N400 component than well-integrated phrases; in the verbal encoding condition, this effect was not observed. The N400 effect associated with semantic processing was enhanced by semantic integration under the motor encoding condition rather than the verbal encoding condition. These results supported a deep semantic processing mechanism under the motor encoding condition, and a semantic feedback processing mechanism for the enactment effect was partially supported.

scholarly journals Material-specific Neural Correlates of Recollection: Objects, Words, and Faces

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1405-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Galli ◽  
Leun J. Otten
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Stimulus Material ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Related Potentials

It is unclear how neural correlates of episodic memory retrieval differ depending on the type of material that is retrieved. Here, we used a source memory task to compare electrical brain activity for the recollection of three types of stimulus material. At study, healthy adults judged how well visually presented objects, words, and faces fitted with paired auditorily presented names of locations. At test, only visual stimuli were presented. The task was to decide whether an item had been presented earlier and, if so, what location had been paired with the item. Stimulus types were intermixed across trials in Experiment 1 and presented in separate study–test lists in Experiment 2. A graded pattern of memory performance was observed across objects, words, and faces in both experiments. Between 300 and 500 msec, event-related potentials for recollected objects and faces showed a more frontal scalp distribution compared to words in both experiments. Later in the recording epoch, all three stimulus materials elicited recollection effects over left posterior scalp sites. However, these effects extended more anteriorly for objects and faces when stimulus categories were blocked. These findings demonstrate that the neural correlates of recollection are material specific, the crucial difference being between pictorial and verbal material. Faces do not appear to have a special status. The sensitivity of recollection effects to the kind of experimental design suggests that, in addition to type of stimulus material, higher-level control processes affect the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying episodic retrieval.

Mind Wandering and Retrieval from Episodic Memory: A Pilot Event-Related Potential Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Martin Riby ◽  
Jonathan Smallwood ◽  
Valerie P. Gunn
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Strategic Processes ◽  
Related Potentials

The present study investigated the effects of mind wandering (task-unrelated thought) on the subcomponents of episodic memory as reflected by event-related potentials (ERPs). Specifically, individual differences in the pattern of ERP episodic ‘old/new’ effects (left-parietal, right-frontal and central-negativity effects) were examined across groups of participants experiencing either high or low frequencies of task-unrelated thought during encoding. Twenty participants studied lists of words and line drawings in one of two contexts (red versus green coloured boxes). At test, participants discriminated between target (old words or line drawings presented in one colour) and nontargets (old items from the other colour and new items). On completion of the memory task, participants completed the ‘thinking’ component of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire to provide a retrospective measure of task-unrelated thought. Behavioural data indicated that irrespective of the presence of task-unrelated thought, participants were able to complete the memory task equally well. However, an analysis of ERPs across High and Low task-unrelated thought groups revealed differences in retrieval strategy. Those individuals with infrequent episodes of task-unrelated thought at study used a ‘pure’ recollection strategy (left-parietal effect only). Conversely, those participants experiencing frequent episodes of task-unrelated thought were unable to recollect the stimuli with ease, as indexed by a diminished parietal effect. As a consequence, these participants employed additional strategic processes for task completion, as indexed by an elevated amplitude of central negativity effects. These data are consistent with the decoupling hypothesis of mind wandering which suggests impaired recollection when attention becomes directed away from the task.

scholarly journals Cue overlap supports preretrieval selection in episodic memory: ERP evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Moccia ◽  
Alexa M. Morcom
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Memory Traces ◽  
Data Support ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Related Potentials

AbstractPeople often want to recall events of a particular kind, but this selective remembering is not always possible. We contrasted two candidate mechanisms: the overlap between retrieval cues and stored memory traces, and the ease of recollection. In two preregistered experiments (Ns = 28), we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to quantify selection occurring before retrieval and the goal states — retrieval orientations — thought to achieve this selection. Participants viewed object pictures or heard object names, and one of these sources was designated as targets in each memory test. We manipulated cue overlap by probing memory with visual names (Experiment 1) or line drawings (Experiment 2). Results revealed that regardless of which source was targeted, the left parietal ERP effect indexing recollection was selective when test cues overlapped more with the targeted than non-targeted information, despite consistently better memory for pictures. ERPs for unstudied items also were more positive-going when cue overlap was high, suggesting that engagement of retrieval orientations reflected availability of external cues matching the targeted source. The data support the view that selection can act before recollection if there is sufficient overlap between retrieval cues and targeted versus competing memory traces.

Remembering or knowing: electrophysiological evidence for an episodic memory deficit in schizophrenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. TENDOLKAR ◽  
S. RUHRMANN ◽  
A. BROCKHAUS ◽  
R. PUKROP ◽  
J. KLOSTERKÖTTER
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Semantic Memory ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
New Words ◽  
Frontal Electrode ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Related Potentials

Background. In schizophrenia, impaired conscious retrieval of past events and facts may represent a selective cognitive deficit of declarative memory against a background of a generalized neuropsychological impairment. We aimed to disentangle the neural subprocesses leading to this deficit applying the ‘Remember/Know procedure’.Method. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as 14 schizophrenic patients and 14 controls recognized an equal mixture of previously presented old and new words. For recognized old words, participants were required to judge whether recognition was associated with recollection (‘Remember’) or familiarity (‘Know’), either reflecting episodic or semantic memory.Results. Patients showed a lack of ‘Remember responses’, which led to more opportunities to make ‘Know responses’. ERPs for ‘Remember’ compared to ‘New responses’ differed consistently in controls over left temporo-parietal and right frontal electrode sites. Although schizophrenic patients showed the same topography for this Remember old/new effect, it was apparent over temporo-parietal sites for only 800 ms and over right frontal sites for 1100 ms post-stimulus. For controls, the Know old/new effect was elicited over temporo-parietal sites between 500 and 800 ms. For patients, it showed a widespread maximum over frontal sites between 500 and 1100 ms.Conclusions. The shorter time course of the left temporo-parietal Remember old/new effect suggests that the patients' episodic memory impairment was possibly mediated by a dysfunction of the mediotemporal regions. The more widespread frontal Know old/new effect in the patients suggests that the prefrontly mediated processes associated with retrieval of semantic memory may be enhanced compensatorily.

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