scholarly journals Sex differences in acute cannabis effects revisited: Results from two randomized, controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Arkell ◽  
Richard C. Kevin ◽  
Frederick Vinckenbosch ◽  
Nicholas Lintzeris ◽  
Eef Theunissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Trends in recruitment of women and reporting of sex differences in large-scale published randomized controlled trials in stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 931-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Carcel ◽  
Mark Woodward ◽  
Grace Balicki ◽  
Georgia Louise Koroneos ◽  
Diana Aguiar de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
North American ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Key Stakeholders

Background Understanding of sex differences, especially in terms of the influence of sex on therapeutic interventions, can lead to improved treatment and management for all. Aim We examined temporal and regional trends in female participation and the reporting of sex differences in stroke randomized controlled trials. Methods Randomized controlled trials from 1990 to 2018 were identified from ClinicalTrials.gov, using keywords “stroke” and “cerebrovascular accidents.” Studies were selected if they enrolled ≥100 participants, included both sexes and were published trials (identified using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus). Results Of 1700 stroke randomized controlled trials identified, 277 were published and eligible for analysis. Overall, these randomized controlled trials enrolled only 40% females, and in the past 10 years, this percentage barely changed, peaking at 41% in 2008–2009 and 2012–2013. North American randomized controlled trials recruited the most women, at 43%, and Asia the lowest, at 40%. Among the 277 randomized controlled trials, 101 (36%) reported results according to sex, of which 91 (33%) were pre-specified analyses. The increasing trend in the number of studies reporting sex-differentiated results from 2008 to 2018 merely paralleled the increase in the number of papers published during the same time period. North American randomized controlled trials most often reported sex-specific results (42%), and Australia and Europe least often (31%). Conclusion Little progress has been made in the inclusion of females and the reporting of sex in stroke randomized controlled trials. This highlights the need for key stakeholders, such as funders and journal editors, to provide clear guidance and effective implementation strategies to researchers in the scientific reporting of sex.

Sex differences in exercise efficacy to improve cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in older humans

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy K. Barha ◽  
Jennifer C. Davis ◽  
Ryan S. Falck ◽  
Lindsay S. Nagamatsu ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

The Effect of Partly Missing Covariates on Statistical Power in Randomized Controlled Trials With Discrete-Time Survival Endpoints

Methodology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Shahab Jolani ◽  
Maryam Safarkhani
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Missing Covariates ◽  
Indicator Method ◽  
Imputation Methods ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Baseline Covariates

Abstract. In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a common strategy to increase power to detect a treatment effect is adjustment for baseline covariates. However, adjustment with partly missing covariates, where complete cases are only used, is inefficient. We consider different alternatives in trials with discrete-time survival data, where subjects are measured in discrete-time intervals while they may experience an event at any point in time. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation study, as well as a case study of randomized trials in smokers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), indicated that single and multiple imputation methods outperform the other methods and increase precision in estimating the treatment effect. Missing indicator method, which uses a dummy variable in the statistical model to indicate whether the value for that variable is missing and sets the same value to all missing values, is comparable to imputation methods. Nevertheless, the power level to detect the treatment effect based on missing indicator method is marginally lower than the imputation methods, particularly when the missingness depends on the outcome. In conclusion, it appears that imputation of partly missing (baseline) covariates should be preferred in the analysis of discrete-time survival data.

Interventions for suicide and self-injury: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials across nearly 50 years of research.

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (12) ◽  
pp. 1117-1145
Author(s):  
Kathryn R. Fox ◽  
Xieyining Huang ◽  
Eleonora M. Guzmán ◽  
Kensie M. Funsch ◽  
Christine B. Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Self Injury
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document