Phylogenetic analyses ofTolpisAdans. (Asteraceae) reveal patterns of adaptive radiation, multiple colonization and interspecific hybridization

Background and aims – We examine the possibility of the independent evolution of the same features multiple times across the pennate diatom tree of life. Methods and key results – Features we have studied include symmetry, raphe number and amphoroid symmetry. Phylogenetic analysis, with both morphological and molecular data suggest in each of these cases that the features evolved from 5 to 6 times independently. We also look at the possibility of certain features having evolved once and diagnosing large genera of diatoms, suggestive of an adaptive radiation in genera such as Mastogloia, Diploneis and Stauroneis. Conclusion – Formal phylogenetic analyses and recognition of monophyletic groups allow for the recognition of homoplasious or homologous features.

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The beginning of the adaptive radiation of Theridomorpha (Rodentia) in Western Europe: morphological and phylogenetic analyses of early and middle Eocene taxa; implications for systematics

Palaeovertebrata ◽

10.18563/pv.44.2.e2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. e2

Author(s):

Monique Vianey-Liaud ◽

Laurent Marivaux

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Radiation ◽

Western Europe ◽

Middle Eocene ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses

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Phylogenomics of the adaptive radiation of Triturus newts supports gradual ecological niche expansion towards an incrementally aquatic lifestyle

10.1101/463752 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

B. Wielstra ◽

E. McCartney-Melstad ◽

J.W. Arntzen ◽

R.K. Butlin ◽

H.B. Shaffer

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Radiation ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Gene Tree ◽

Data Set ◽

Internal Branch ◽

Branch Lengths ◽

History Of ◽

Tree Estimation ◽

Probe Set ◽

Short Timeframe

AbstractNewts of the genus Triturus (marbled and crested newts) exhibit substantial variation in the number of trunk vertebrae (NTV) and a higher NTV corresponds to a longer annual aquatic period. Because the Triturus phylogeny has thwarted resolution to date, the evolutionary history of NTV, annual aquatic period, and their potential coevolution has remained unclear. To resolve the phylogeny of Triturus, we generated a c. 6,000 transcriptome-derived marker data set using a custom target enrichment probe set, and conducted phylogenetic analyses using: 1) data concatenation with RAxML, 2) gene-tree summary with ASTRAL, and 3) species-tree estimation with SNAPP. All analyses produce the same, highly supported topology, despite cladogenesis having occurred over a short timeframe, resulting in short internal branch lengths. Our new phylogenetic hypothesis is consistent with the minimal number of inferred changes in NTV count necessary to explain the diversity in NTV observed today. Although a causal relationship between NTV, body form, and aquatic ecology has yet to be experimentally established, our phylogeny indicates that these features have evolved together, and suggest that they may underlie the adaptive radiation that characterizes Triturus.

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History of the genus Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) in Brazil: phylogeny, distribution, and cytogenetics

Revista Brasileira de Zoociências ◽

10.34019/2596-3325.2018.v19.24734 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Michel Barros Faria ◽

Maria Clara Santos Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Adaptive Radiation ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Minas Gerais ◽

Bibliographic Databases ◽

Cytb Gene ◽

History Of

Myotis is the largest genus of the Vespertilionidae family. It presents a cosmopolitan geographical distribution and is considered an example of adaptive radiation, however, with only nine species recorded for Brazil. This study synthesized aspects of the geographic distribution by map punctuating the main records for each species, karyotype, and phylogeny in contribution to the understanding of the taxonomic complex of the genus Myotis in Brazil. A search in bibliographic databases (e.g., Web of Science and SciElo) was carried out using keywords. The phylogeny study was based on the sequencing of a specimen of Myotis ruber collected in a fragment of the Altantic Forest of Minas Gerais; this specimen was deposited at the Newton Baião de Azevedo Museum of Zoology. The genus showed to be widely distributed in the Brazilian territory, with Myotis nigricans being the most widespread. In addition, high karyotypic conservatism was observed in all species of the genus. The phylogenetic analyses using the mt-Cytb gene corroborated the monophyletic aspect of the genus and the Myotis ruber species.

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Community evolution in Greater Antillean Anolis lizards: phylogenetic patterns and experimental tests

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1995.0092 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 349 (1327) ◽

pp. 69-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Habitat Use ◽

Adaptive Radiation ◽

Driving Force ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Small Islands ◽

Ecological Interactions ◽

Morphological Adaptation ◽

Community Evolution

Phytogenies can be useful not only as a means of examining evolutionary hypotheses, but also as a source of hypotheses that can be tested using extant taxa. I illustrate this approach with examples from the study of community evolution in Caribbean Anolis lizards. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that not only are Anolis communities on Jamaica and Puerto Rico convergent in structure, but they have attained their similarity by evolving through a nearly identical sequence of ancestral communities. Examination of the pattern of community evolution suggests that interspecific competition is the driving force behind anole adaptive radiation. This hypothesis can be tested by investigating whether anoles shift their habitat use in the presence of competitors and, if so, whether such shifts lead to morphological adaptation to the new habitat. These hypotheses have been tested experimentally by introducing lizards onto small islands. Preliminary results indicate the existence of ecological interactions among sympatric anoles and that shifts in habitat use are accompanied by microevolutionary changes in morphology.

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Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae), a new myxosporean infecting the gallbladder of threadfin sea catfish Arius arius in India

Diseases of Aquatic Organisms ◽

10.3354/dao03529 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 83-97

Author(s):

A Chandran ◽

PU Zacharia ◽

TV Sathianandan ◽

NK Sanil

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Type Specimen ◽

Ssu Rdna ◽

Fish Host ◽

Present Species ◽

Epithelial Layer ◽

Histopathological Changes ◽

Mucus Production ◽

High Bootstrap ◽

A New Species

The present study describes a new species of myxosporean, Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov., infecting the gallbladder of the threadfin sea catfish Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822). E. ariusi sp. nov. is characterized by bivalvular, ellipsoid or elongate-oval myxospores with smooth spore valves and a straight suture, arranged at an angle to the longitudinal spore axis. Mature myxospores measured 10.1 ± 0.8 µm in length, 6.8 ± 0.5 µm in width and 7.7 ± 0.7 µm in thickness. Polar capsules are equal in size and oval to pyriform in shape. They are positioned at an angle to the longitudinal myxospore axis and open in opposite directions. Polar capsules measured 2.8 ± 0.3 µm in length and 2.5 ± 0.4 µm in width; polar filaments formed 4-5 coils, and extended to 32.2 ± 2.1 µm in length. Monosporic and disporic plasmodial stages attached to the wall of gallbladder. Molecular analysis of the type specimen generated a 1703 bp partial SSU rDNA sequence (MN892546), which was identical to the isolates from 3 other locations. In phylogenetic analyses, genus Ellipsomyxa appeared monophyletic and E. ariusi sp. nov. occupied an independent position in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees with high bootstrap values. The overall prevalence of infection was 54.8% and multiway ANOVA revealed that it varied significantly with location, year, season, sex and size of the fish host. Histopathological changes associated with E. ariusi sp. nov. infection included swelling, vacuolation and detachment of epithelial layer, reduced mucus production and altered consistency and colour of bile. Based on the morphologic, morphometric and molecular differences with known species of Ellipsomyxa, and considering differences in host and geographic locations, the present species is treated as new and the name Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. is proposed.

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