Using empirical models of species colonization under multiple threatening processes to identify complementary threat-mitigation strategies

Purpose Cultural heritage (CH) sites are not only important components of a country’s identity but can also be important drivers of tourism. However, an increasing number of extreme events associated with the impacts of climate change, natural hazards and human-induced threats are posing significant problems in conserving and managing CH worldwide. Consequently, improved climate change adaptation and enhanced hazard/threat mitigation strategies have become critical (but to-date under-researched) considerations. The purpose of this paper is to identify the key hazards and threats to CH sites, the most common types of risks to CH and the strategies being adopted to mitigate or even eradicate those risks. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews 80 CH case studies from around the world, which have been presented at a UNESCO International Training Course between 2006 and 2016. The case studies cover 45 different countries and provide practical insights into the key challenges being encountered in a variety of “at risk” locations. Findings The analysis assesses the key natural hazards and human-induced threats to the sites, an overview of the typical impacts to the tangible components of heritage and identifies the types of strategies being adopted to mitigate the risks, some of which could be transferred across cultural and geographical contexts. Originality/value The paper provides a wealth of useful information related to how challenges faced by CH sites might be addressed in the future.

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Threat Mitigation Strategies

Maritime Security ◽

10.1016/b978-0-12-803672-3.00011-x ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 343-381

Author(s):

Michael A. McNicholas

Keyword(s):

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Threat Mitigation

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Using wildlife rehabilitator surveys to identify threats: a case study of koalas in Victoria, Australia

Australian Zoologist ◽

10.7882/az.2021.027 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

K. R. Ashman ◽

D. J. Watchorn ◽

D. A. Whisson

Keyword(s):

Habitat Loss ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Native Vegetation ◽

Wildlife Corridors ◽

Potential Threat ◽

Vehicle Collisions ◽

Threat Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Action ◽

Effective Conservation

ABSTRACT Identifying threats and their regional occurrence across a species’ range is increasingly valuable for prioritising threat-specific interventions and achieving effective conservation outcomes. We surveyed registered wildlife rehabilitators to identify (i) threats faced by the koala across Victoria and (ii) their perceptions on koala population trends and potential threat mitigation actions. Wildlife rehabilitators identified habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation as the biggest threat to koalas, while vehicle collisions, heatwaves and wildfire were also identified as key threats. Accordingly, reducing the clearing of native vegetation was considered the most effective threat mitigation action, while creating of wildlife corridors, planting of more food trees, and educating communities living in koala occupied areas were also considered appropriate mitigation strategies. Finally, 89% of wildlife rehabilitators believed that koala numbers are declining in their region.

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Terrorist Threat Mitigation Strategies for the Railways

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083408 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3408 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abigail Luxton ◽

Marin Marinov

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Software Package ◽

High Volume ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Terrorist Threat ◽

Railway Station ◽

Infrastructure Protection ◽

Rail Infrastructure ◽

Threat Mitigation ◽

Insight Into

Terrorism is an ever-present threat that is becoming more prevalent in today’s society. The railway has always been a favourable target for terrorists due to the high volume of people that utilise it, as well as the vital services it provides to the nation. The railway is expanding and this will likely result in it becoming increasingly vulnerable to attack, unless new mitigation solutions are devised. In this paper risk assessment analyses by a software package conducted on different sections of the railway station provided insight into the present vulnerabilities. Mitigation solutions were devised to abolish these weaknesses in the system, to avoid terrorist exploitation. They were then evaluated to establish a workable solution: a modified version of the Thales Smart Corridor. This workable solution should be implemented across the nation to ensure passenger and rail infrastructure protection.

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Click Fraud in Digital Advertising: A Comprehensive Survey

Computers ◽

10.3390/computers10120164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Shadi Sadeghpour ◽

Natalija Vlajic

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Research Study ◽

Online Advertising ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Behavioral Characteristics ◽

Click Fraud ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Threat Mitigation ◽

Current Detection ◽

Comprehensive Study

Recent research has revealed an alarming prevalence of click fraud in online advertising systems. In this article, we present a comprehensive study on the usage and impact of bots in performing click fraud in the realm of digital advertising. Specifically, we first provide an in-depth investigation of different known categories of Web-bots along with their malicious activities and associated threats. We then ask a series of questions to distinguish between the important behavioral characteristics of bots versus humans in conducting click fraud within modern-day ad platforms. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the current detection and threat mitigation strategies pertaining to click fraud as discussed in the literature, and we categorize the surveyed techniques based on which specific actors within a digital advertising system are most likely to deploy them. We also offer insights into some of the best-known real-world click bots and their respective ad fraud campaigns observed to date. According to our knowledge, this paper is the most comprehensive research study of its kind, as it examines the problem of click fraud both from a theoretical as well as practical perspective.

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