Assisted species migration and hybridization to conserve cold‐adapted plants under climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly M. Charles ◽  
Ivana Stehlik
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Species Migration

scholarly journals Trends in Population Size of Rare Plant Species in the Alpine Habitats of the Ukrainian Carpathians under Climate Change

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kobiv
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Alpine Habitats

Population trends in rare alpine plant species in the high-mountain zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians are described with regard to the types of habitats where they occur. Populations of cold-adapted species confined to snowbeds, alpine screes, poorly vegetated rocks, and the highest ridges, as well as mires and springs, are very vulnerable to climate change, while their habitats tend to shrink. The direct impact of warming affects mainly the most cryophilic species. Another driver of changes is climate-induced succession that results in denser vegetation cover and encroachment of more thermophilic plants, which replace low-competitive rare alpine species. Their replacement is largely caused by the loss of open microsites suitable for seed recruitment. However, the climate-driven decrease of snow cover often leads to frost damage to vegetation that provides gaps appropriate for the establishment of many rare species. One of the groups of species that benefit from warming includes rather thermophilic tall herbs that are more common in the subalpine zone but have been actively spreading at higher altitudes lately.

scholarly journals Forecasting range shifts of a cold-adapted species under climate change: are genomic and ecological diversity within species crucial for future resilience?

Ecography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357-1369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Theodoridis ◽  
Theofania S. Patsiou ◽  
Christophe Randin ◽  
Elena Conti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Cold Adapted

Contemporary climate change in the Sonoran Desert favors cold-adapted species

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
SARAH KIMBALL ◽  
AMY L. ANGERT ◽  
TRAVIS E. HUXMAN ◽  
D. LAWRENCE VENABLE
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Contemporary Climate

scholarly journals Trends in the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in the Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sei-Woong Choi ◽  
Woo-Seok Kong ◽  
Ga-Young Hwang ◽  
Kyung Ah Koo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Ecology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Plant Phenology ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Republic

AbstractIn this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as the main causes of vulnerability and options for adaptation in these ecosystems based on a range of ecological and biogeographical data. To this end, we compiled a set of peer-reviewed papers published since 2014. We found that publication of climate-related studies on plants has decreased in the field of plant phenology and physiology, whereas such publication has rapidly increased in plant and animal community ecology, reflecting the range shifts and abundance change that are occurring under climate change. Plant phenology studies showed that climate change has increased growing seasons by advancing the timing of flowering and budburst while delaying the timing of leafing out. Community ecology studies indicated that the future ranges of cold-adapted plants and animals could shrink or shift toward northern and high-elevation areas, whereas the ranges of warm-adapted organisms could expand and/or shift toward the areas that the aforementioned cold-adapted biota previously occupied. This review provides useful information and new insights that will improve understanding of climate change effects on the ecosystems of Korea. Moreover, it will serve as a reference for policy-makers seeking to establish future sectoral adaptation options for protection against climate change.

Thermal ecology or interspecific competition: what drives the warm and cold distribution limits of mountain ectotherms?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio Jiménez Robles ◽  
Ignacio De la Riva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Activity ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Activity Budgets ◽  
Temperature Deviation ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Distribution Limit ◽  
Distribution Limits ◽  
Potential Activity

Current climate change-forced local extinctions of ectotherms in their warmer distribution limits have been linked to a reduction in their activity budgets by excess of heat. However, warmer distribution limits of species may be determined by biotic interactions as well. We aimed to understand the role of thermal activity budgets as drivers of the warmer distribution limit of cold-adapted mountain ectotherms, and the colder distribution limit of partially sympatric thermophilous species.In the southern slopes of the Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid, Spain, (1800–2200 m asl), we collected data from surveys of active individuals, thermal preferences, thermoregulation effectiveness, and activity budgets across 12 different sites exposed to different microclimates and habitats. We assessed how abundances of each species were predicted by activity budgets, restriction time, temperature deviation, habitat covers and date.We found that Iberolacerta cyreni abundances are not predicted by heat-restricted activity time as they were absent or rare in the areas where its activity budgets are broader. Conversely, the abundances of the other lizards were positively predicted by the potential activity time. Habitat preferences and date explained also part of the occurrences of the four species.Our results suggest that realized niches of lizards in the Sierra de Guadarrama are a consequence of niche partitioning by temperature-mediated competitive exclusion. The more thermophilous species were physiologically limited by the reduced chances of being active due to the cold, while the cold-adapted species was abundant in those areas where its potential activity is limited by cold-temperatures, but the thermophilous species cannot inhabit. We provide new insights on the ecological processes affecting the distribution of ectotherm mountain organisms, the assemblage of their communities and how climate change could affect them.

scholarly journals Using conservation translocations to assess the impact of anthropogenic climate change on a cold-adapted reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sphenodon Punctatus ◽  
The Impact

<p>Anthropogenic climate change is progressing at a rate unprecedented in the past 65 million years and is a significant conservation concern. The associated biotic and abiotic impacts are expected to have substantial effects on global biodiversity, with some species potentially more vulnerable than others. The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) is a New Zealand endemic reptile and of particular interest as it is a slowly reproducing, range-restricted, cold-adapted ectotherm with temperature-dependent sex determination. Consequently, tuatara could be particularly vulnerable to rising air temperatures and conservation translocations have been key components of tuatara conservation efforts. Knowledge of how the tuatara might be affected by warmer climates will help inform where future conservation efforts are best directed, practices to avoid and which sites might be most suitable for the establishment of populations. The translocation of 176 adult tuatara in October 2012 from Stephens Island in New Zealand’s Cook Strait to four latitudinally distant North Island sites offered the opportunity to study the responses of tuatara in a range of environments. The comparatively warmer, drier climates of several sites provided surrogates for temporal climate change, enabling an assessment of how a warming climate might impact tuatara, and how they might respond. Using field observations, laboratory analysis and controlled experiments I investigated the short-term success of the translocations, the influence of translocation and climate on tuatara enteric bacterial communities and parasites, as well as how warmer climates might influence nocturnal activity, thermoregulatory opportunities and learning ability. I found several translocated populations to be progressing favourably, and found evidence that tuatara may exhibit enhanced growth at warmer, less densely-populated sites, suggesting that further translocations to lower latitude sites might be a viable conservation strategy. However, high population density at one translocation site was a concern and management recommendations were made to enable the dispersal of individuals. I detected Salmonella Saintpaul for the first time in a live tuatara, Campylobacter spp. was identified as a likely common commensal organism, and no measurable impact of translocation or climate on bacterial prevalence was observed, suggesting no substantial risk of climate warming to the susceptibility of tuatara to these bacteria. Tick populations were negatively impacted by translocation-associated factors following release but subsequently recovered at most sites and mites were not found on any translocated tuatara. Diurnal and nocturnal activities were positively influenced by air temperature, up to an upper threshold, and assessment of the site-specific thermal climates suggested that tuatara at warmer sites may benefit from increased opportunities for emergence and the attainment of preferred body temperatures throughout the year, though a higher frequency of restrictive air temperatures over summer may also reduce emergence opportunities. Experimental work showed that warmer air temperatures may enhance learning in tuatara, which could improve their ability to cope with challenging environments under climate change. However, body size was also an influential component of learning ability and further research is needed to build on these initial findings. I conclude that tuatara may experience overall benefits from further translocations to warmer sites and warming climates at currently cooler sites, which suggests that other cold-adapted reptiles with similar thermal tolerances may also see initial benefits under climate warming, though further monitoring is required to determine longer-term translocation success. Equally, while warmer air temperatures were not found to be detrimental to tuatara, they still pose a risk to population viability and further work is required on the impacts of associated abiotic factors like drought, and how populations of this long-lived species may be affected if and when climate warming exceeds the upper temperature rise of ~5°C predicted by the 2100s.</p>

scholarly journals Using conservation translocations to assess the impact of anthropogenic climate change on a cold-adapted reptile, the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Stephanie J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Warming ◽  
Anthropogenic Climate Change ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Sphenodon Punctatus ◽  
The Impact

<p>Anthropogenic climate change is progressing at a rate unprecedented in the past 65 million years and is a significant conservation concern. The associated biotic and abiotic impacts are expected to have substantial effects on global biodiversity, with some species potentially more vulnerable than others. The tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) is a New Zealand endemic reptile and of particular interest as it is a slowly reproducing, range-restricted, cold-adapted ectotherm with temperature-dependent sex determination. Consequently, tuatara could be particularly vulnerable to rising air temperatures and conservation translocations have been key components of tuatara conservation efforts. Knowledge of how the tuatara might be affected by warmer climates will help inform where future conservation efforts are best directed, practices to avoid and which sites might be most suitable for the establishment of populations. The translocation of 176 adult tuatara in October 2012 from Stephens Island in New Zealand’s Cook Strait to four latitudinally distant North Island sites offered the opportunity to study the responses of tuatara in a range of environments. The comparatively warmer, drier climates of several sites provided surrogates for temporal climate change, enabling an assessment of how a warming climate might impact tuatara, and how they might respond. Using field observations, laboratory analysis and controlled experiments I investigated the short-term success of the translocations, the influence of translocation and climate on tuatara enteric bacterial communities and parasites, as well as how warmer climates might influence nocturnal activity, thermoregulatory opportunities and learning ability. I found several translocated populations to be progressing favourably, and found evidence that tuatara may exhibit enhanced growth at warmer, less densely-populated sites, suggesting that further translocations to lower latitude sites might be a viable conservation strategy. However, high population density at one translocation site was a concern and management recommendations were made to enable the dispersal of individuals. I detected Salmonella Saintpaul for the first time in a live tuatara, Campylobacter spp. was identified as a likely common commensal organism, and no measurable impact of translocation or climate on bacterial prevalence was observed, suggesting no substantial risk of climate warming to the susceptibility of tuatara to these bacteria. Tick populations were negatively impacted by translocation-associated factors following release but subsequently recovered at most sites and mites were not found on any translocated tuatara. Diurnal and nocturnal activities were positively influenced by air temperature, up to an upper threshold, and assessment of the site-specific thermal climates suggested that tuatara at warmer sites may benefit from increased opportunities for emergence and the attainment of preferred body temperatures throughout the year, though a higher frequency of restrictive air temperatures over summer may also reduce emergence opportunities. Experimental work showed that warmer air temperatures may enhance learning in tuatara, which could improve their ability to cope with challenging environments under climate change. However, body size was also an influential component of learning ability and further research is needed to build on these initial findings. I conclude that tuatara may experience overall benefits from further translocations to warmer sites and warming climates at currently cooler sites, which suggests that other cold-adapted reptiles with similar thermal tolerances may also see initial benefits under climate warming, though further monitoring is required to determine longer-term translocation success. Equally, while warmer air temperatures were not found to be detrimental to tuatara, they still pose a risk to population viability and further work is required on the impacts of associated abiotic factors like drought, and how populations of this long-lived species may be affected if and when climate warming exceeds the upper temperature rise of ~5°C predicted by the 2100s.</p>

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