scholarly journals Quantification of aluminium release from Finn chambers under different in vitro test conditions of relevance for patch testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-386
Author(s):  
Yolanda S. Hedberg ◽  
Zheng Wei ◽  
Mihály Matura
Keyword(s):  
Patch Testing ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test

scholarly journals Activity of Ceftaroline against Aerobic Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogens: Effect of Test Method Variability

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Diane M. Citron ◽  
Yumi A. Warren ◽  
Kerin L. Tyrrell ◽  
Ellie J. C. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Test Method ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test

Ceftaroline is a new cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) as well as gram-negative pathogens. Variations of in vitro test conditions were found to affect ceftaroline activity, with 5% NaCl inhibiting growth and/or reducing the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for E. coli, K. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, H. influenzae, and streptococci, while an inoculum of 106 CFU/mL raised MICs of some E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and M. catarrhalis strains.

In vitro test conditions provide useful guidefor evaluation of dentin bonding strengths

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-107
Author(s):  
Maxwell Anderson
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test

Influence of in vitro test conditions on release of aspirin from commercial tablets

1992 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovorka Nikolić ◽  
Zorica Djurić ◽  
Milica Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test

A New in vitro Test Method for Calcification of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Glasmacher ◽  
M. Deiwick ◽  
H. Reul ◽  
H. Knesch ◽  
D. Keus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Test Method ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Porcine Tissue ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Depletion ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Identical Test

To investigate the calcification behavior of different bioprosthetic heart valves and verify possible hypotheses of the etiology of valve calcification, an accelerated pulse tester for bioprostheses was developed, whereby up to ten valves can be tested under identical test conditions. Each valve was mounted in a separate compartment on a piston and cyclically moved through a calcifying solution at frequencies of up to 800/min at 37°C. An appropriate calcifying solution was evaluated by incubation tests of bovine and porcine tissue. Calcification was confirmed by measuring Ca and phosphate depletion by atomic absorption spectroscopy, von Kossa staining, EDAX, and microradiography. The first tests were successfully carried out on porcine valves that had been nondestructively assessed for tissue/stress anomalies by holographic interferometry prior to the calcification test. The tests showed that 75% of irregular fringe pattern areas corresponded to the calcification areas.

APPROPRIATE IN VITRO TEST CONDITIONS FOR GENOTOXICITY TESTING OF FIBERS

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günter Speit
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Genotoxicity Testing

scholarly journals Characterization of Colletotrichum graminicola Isolates Resistant to Strobilurin-Related QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruz Avila-Adame ◽  
Gilberto Olaya ◽  
Wolfram Köller
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Qoi Resistance

Isolates of Colletotrichum graminicola were collected from annual bluegrass or bent grass turf in Japan and the United States, and their sensitivities to QoI fungicides (QoIs) as well as their cytochrome b sequences were characterized. Five isolates sampled from turf treated repeatedly with azoxystrobin were highly QoI resistant under both in vivo and in vitro test conditions. The nucleotide sequences of a large cytochrome b gene segment involving the binding site of QoIs were fully homologous for all resistant isolates and contained the G143A target site mutation known to confer QoI resistance in other pathogens. QoI-sensitive isolates collected prior to treatments with QoIs were more diverse with regard to their cytochrome b gene sequences and their phenotype responses to QoIs. All wild-type isolates retained a glycine in position 143 of cytochrome b. Three of the four QoI-sensitive isolates were, in addition, distinguished by leucines in positions 95, 130, and 141, which were exchanged to threonine in all resistant but also in one of the sensitive isolates. In addition to a more pronounced divergence of cytochrome b sequences, the sensitive wild-type isolates also were diverse with regard to the induction of alternative respiration in response to QoI action, as indicated by comparisons of QoI sensitivities displayed in the absence or presence of the alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid. These different phenotype responses expressed under in vitro test conditions had no or only a slight impact on anthracnose control in protective applications of azoxystrobin. Isolate responses in vitro were very similar for trifloxystrobin, indicating cross-resistance among the class of QoIs. Our results imply that C. graminicola falls into the class of pathogens with a potential for rapid selection of highly QoI-resistant phenotypes. Frequent monitoring of population sensitivities will be required to determine the status of population responses toward practical QoI resistance.

Haemostatic Platelet Plug Formation in the Isolated Rabbit Mesenteric Preparation - An Analysis of Red Blood Cell Participation

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 006-008 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bergqvist ◽  
K-E Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Releasing Effect ◽  
Plug Formation

SummaryIn a model using an isolated rabbit mesenteric preparation microvessels were transected and the time until haemostatic plugs formed was registered. Perfusion of platelet rich plasma gave no haemostasis whereas whole blood did. Addition of chlorpromazine or adenosine to the whole blood significantly prolonged the time for haemostasis, and addition of ADP to the platelet rich plasma significantly shortened it. It is concluded that red cells are necessary for a normal haemostasis in this model, probably by a combination of a haemodynamic and ADP releasing effect.The fundamental role of platelets in haemostatic plug formation is unquestionable but there are still problems concerning the stimulus for this process to start. Three platelet aggregating substances have been discussed – thrombin, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Evidence speaking in favour of thrombin is, however, very minimal, and the discussion has to be focused on collagen and ADP. In an in vitro system using polyethylene tubings we have shown that "haemostasis" can be obtained without the presence of collagen but against these results can be argued that it is only another in vitro test for platelet aggregation (1).To be able to induce haemostasis in this model, however, the presence of red blood cells is necessary. To further study this problem we have developed a model where haemostatic plug formation can be studied in the isolated rabbit mesentery and we have briefly reported on this (2).Thus, it is possible to perfuse the vessels with whole blood as well as with platelet rich plasma (PRP) and different pharmacological agents of importance.

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